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Ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals exhibit unique non-linear optical properties, with the potential to become transformative materials for photonic applications. A promising direction relies on the fabrication of tailored polar…

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear parametric process that doubles the frequency of incoming light. Only allowed in non-centrosymmetric materials, it has been widely used in frequency modulation of lasers, surface…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-01-05 Wontaek Kim , Je Yhoung Ahn , Juseung Oh , Ji Hoon Shim , Sunmin Ryu

Understanding the mechanisms and spatial correlations of crystallographic symmetry breaking in ferroelectric materials is essential to tuning their functional properties. While optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has long been utilized…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-08-10 Wei Li , Yunpeng Ma , Tianyi Feng , Sergei V. Kalinin , Jing-Feng Li , Qian Li

We have developed a numerical method for calculating the second harmonic generation (SHG) generated by an anisotropic material whose optical properties present an arbitrary modulation in one dimension. The method is based on the Berreman…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-31 J. Ortega , C. L. Folcia , J. Etxebarria

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a fundamental nonlinear optical process widely used in photonics; however, it is strictly forbidden in the bulk of centrosymmetric materials due to their inversion symmetry. Nevertheless, applying an…

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is used as a noninvasive probe of two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of copolymer vinylidene fluoride with trifluorethylene. The surface 2D…

We develop a multipolar theory of second-harmonic generation (SHG) by dielectric nanoparticles made of noncentrosymmetric materials with bulk quadratic nonlinearity. We specifically analyze two regimes of optical excitation: illumination by…

We present an analytical theory of second harmonic generation (SHG) in hybrid structures combining a nonlinear 2D crystal with a dielectric metasurface waveguide. The theory describes the excitation spectrum and enhancement of SHG at both…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-07 Egor S. Vyatkin , Sergey A. Tarasenko

Since the first observation of second harmonic generation (SHG), there have been extensive studies on this nonlinear phenomenon not only to clarify its physical origin but also to realize unconventional functionalities. Nonetheless, a…

This research will examine the computational methods to calculate the nonlinear optical process of second harmonic generation (SHG) that will be hypothesized to be present during lithium ion insertion into silicon nanowires. First it will…

Optics · Physics 2021-10-19 Donald C. Boone

We report the observation of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) in single-layer indium selenide (InSe). We measure a second harmonic signal of $>10^3$ $\textrm{cts/s}$ under nonresonant excitation using a home-built confocal…

This study presents an investigation of second harmonic generation (SHG) resulting from interaction of radially polarized laser beam propagating in homogeneous, unmagnetized plasma. Lorentz force and continuity equations have been used to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Shivani Aggarwal , Saumya Singh , Dinkar Mishra , Bhupesh Kumar , Pallavi Jha

The generation process of second harmonic (SH) radiation from holes periodically arranged on a metal surface is investigated. Three main modulating factors affecting the optical response are identified: the near-field distribution at the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-01-08 Sergio G. Rodrigo , V. Laliena , L. Martín-Moreno

Using symmetry arguments we show how optical second harmonic generation (SHG) can be used to detect antiferromagnetism at surfaces and in thin films. Based on the group theoretical analysis of the nonlinear electric susceptibility we…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Daehn , W. Huebner , K. H. Bennemann

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful surface-specific probe for centrosymmetric materials, with broad relevance to energy and biological interfaces. Plasmonic nanomaterials have been extensively utilized to amplify this nonlinear…

We report on the optical second harmonic generation (SHG) on the 1S exciton-polariton resonance in bulk ZnSe that is subject to an external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the light wave vector $\mathbf k$ (Voigt geometry). For the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 J. Mund , D. R. Yakovlev , A. Farenbruch , N. V. Siverin , M. A. Semina , M. M. Glazov , E. L. Ivchenko , M. Bayer

We report optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in reflection from GaSe crystals of 1 to more than 100 layers using a fundamental picosecond pulsed pump at 1.58 eV and a supercontinuum white light pulsed laser with energies ranging from…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-10-10 Yanhao Tang , Krishna C. Mandal , John A. McGuire , Chih Wei Lai

We report the observations of unexpected layer-dependent, strong, and anisotropic second harmonic generations (SHGs) in atomically thin ReS2. Appreciable (negligible) SHGs are obtained from even (odd) numbers of ReS2 layers, which is…

Optics · Physics 2018-08-20 Yu Song , Siqi Hu , Miao-Ling Lin , Xuetao Gan , Ping-Heng Tan , Jianlin Zhao

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful optical tool for identifying non-centrosymmetric crystalline structures. Here, we analyze SHG in multilayer graphenes (MLG), with a focus on its dependence on the stacking order, encapsulation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Patrick Johansen Sarsfield , Takaaki V. Joya , Takuto Kawakami , Mikito Koshino , Vladimir Fal'ko

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a direct measure of the strength of second-order nonlinear optical effects, which also include frequency mixing and parametric oscillations. Natural and artificial materials with broken…

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