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Recent literature has underscored the importance of dataset documentation work for machine learning, and part of this work involves addressing "documentation debt" for datasets that have been used widely but documented sparsely. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jack Bandy , Nicholas Vincent

Background: Construct validity concerns the use of indicators to measure a concept that is not directly measurable. Aim: This study intends to identify, categorize, assess and quantify discussions of threats to construct validity in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Dag I. K. Sjøberg , Gunnar R. Bergersen

To effectively manage Technical Debt (TD), we need reliable means to quantify it. We conducted a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) where we identified TD quantification approaches that focus on different aspects of TD. Some approaches base the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Judith Perera , Ewan Tempero , Yu-Cheng Tu , Kelly Blincoe

Context. Technical Debt (TD) refers to short-term beneficial software solutions that impede future changes, making TD management essential. However, establishing a TD management (TDM) process is one of the most pressing concerns in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Marion Wiese , Kamila Serwa , Eva Bittner

Context: Previous studies demonstrate that Machine or Deep Learning (ML/DL) models can detect Technical Debt from source code comments called Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). Despite the importance of ML/DL in software development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Emmanuel Iko-Ojo Simon , Chirath Hettiarachchi , Alex Potanin , Hanna Suominen , Fatemeh Fard

Requirements engineering plays a critical role in developing software systems. One of the most difficult tasks in this process is identifying functional requirements. A critical problem in many projects is missing requirements until late in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Sabah Al-Fedaghi

The most important deliverable of the requirements engineering process is the software requirements specification(SRS)document. Requirements documentation is important during the complete software development lifecycle to share the vision…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Nosheen Qamar , Nosheen Sabahat , Amir Mashmool , Amir Mosavi

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) impairs scientific software (SSW), yet its prioritization, sentiment, persistence, and propagation remains underexplored. Understanding how SSW developers express, and address SATD is crucial for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eric L. Melin , Nasir U. Eisty , Gregory R. Watson , Addi Malviya-Thakur

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) refers to comments in which developers explicitly acknowledge code issues, workarounds, or suboptimal solutions. SATD is known to significantly increase software maintenance effort. While extensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Shahidul Islam , Md Nahidul Islam Opu , Shaowei Wang , Shaiful Chowdhury

Research shows, that the major issue in development of quality software is precise estimation. Further this estimation depends upon the degree of intricacy inherent in the software i.e. complexity. This paper attempts to empirically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-06-16 Ashish Sharma , D. S. Kushwaha

Centralized identity management systems continuously experience security and privacy challenges, motivating the exploration of Decentralized Identity (DI) and Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) as alternatives. Despite privacy and security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Daria Schumm , Burkhard Stiller

Context. Detecting Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) is crucial for proactive software maintenance. Previous research has primarily targeted detecting and prioritizing SATD, with little focus on the source code afflicted with SATD. Our…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Murali Sridharan , Mikel Robredo , Leevi Rantala , Matteo Esposito , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Mika Mantyla

Tightly coupled and interdependent systems inhibit productivity by requiring developers to carefully coordinate their changes, even when modifying subsystems that should be independent of one another. Poor architectural decisions frequently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jason Lefever , Yuanfang Cai , Rick Kazman , Hongzhou Fang

Classical measures of structural reliability, such as the probability of failure and the related reliability index, are still widely applied in practice. However, these measures are frequency-based only, and they do not give information…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-19 Moussa Leblouba , Samer Barakat , Raghad Awad

Context: Technical Debt (TD) discusses the negative impact of sub-optimal decisions to cope with the need-for-speed in software development. Code Technical Debt Items (TDI) are atomic elements of TD that can be observed in code artefacts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Ehsan Zabardast , Kwabena Ebo Bennin , Javier Gonzalez-Huerta

Context: Open-source ecosystems rely on sustained package maintenance. When maintenance slows or stops, Technical Lag (TL), the gap between installed and latest dependency versions accumulates, creating security and sustainability risks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Shane K. Panter , Nasir U. Eisty

Self-Admitted Technical Debt or SATD can be found in various sources, such as source code comments, commit messages, issue tracking systems, and pull requests. Previous research has established the existence of relations between SATD items…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou

Security issues are becoming increasingly significant with the rapid evolution of Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs). As NFTs are traded as digital assets, they have emerged as prime targets for cyber attackers. In the development of NFT smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yuanzheng Niu , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li

ML/AI is the field of computer science and computer engineering that arguably received the most attention and funding over the last decade. Data is the key element of ML/AI, so it is becoming increasingly important to ensure that users are…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Marco Rondina , Antonio Vetrò , Juan Carlos De Martin

Technical debt happens when teams take shortcuts on software development to gain short-term benefits at the cost of making future changes more expensive. Previous results show that there is a misalignment between the prioritization done by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Rodrigo Rebouças de Almeida