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In the context of a random walk on an undirected graph, Kemeny's constant can measure the average travel time for a random walk between two randomly chosen vertices. We are interested in graphs that behave counter-intuitively in regard to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-18 Sooyeong Kim

Kemeny's constant $\kappa(G)$ of a connected graph $G$ is a measure of the expected transit time for the random walk associated with $G$. In the current work, we consider the case when $G$ is a tree, and, in this setting, we provide lower…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-19 Lorenzo Ciardo , Geir Dahl , Steve Kirkland

Kemeny's constant for a connected graph $G$ is the expected time for a random walk to reach a randomly-chosen vertex $u$, regardless of the choice of the initial vertex. We extend the definition of Kemeny's constant to non-backtracking…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-24 Jane Breen , Nolan Faught , Cory Glover , Mark Kempton , Adam Knudson , Alice Oveson

In a connected graph, Kemeny's constant gives the expected time of a random walk from an arbitrary vertex $x$ to reach a randomly-chosen vertex $y$. Because of this, Kemeny's constant can be interpreted as a measure of how well a graph is…

Given a connected graph $G$, Kemeny's constant $\mathcal{K}({G})$ measures the average travel time for a random walk to reach a randomly selected vertex. It is known that when an edge is added to $G$, the value of Kemeny's constant may…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-31 Stephen Kirkland , Yuqiao Li , John McAlister , Xiaohong Zhang

For a connected graph $G$, the average hitting time $\alpha(G)$ and the Kemeny's constant $\kappa(G)$ are two similar quantities, both measuring the time for the random walk on $G$ to travel between two randomly chosen vertices. We prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Ji Zeng

Kemeny's constant of a simple connected graph $G$ is the expected length of a random walk from $i$ to any given vertex $j \neq i$. We provide a simple method for computing Kemeny's constant for 1-separable via effective resistance methods…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Nolan Faught , Mark Kempton , Adam Knudson

Kemeny's constant quantifies a graph's connectivity by measuring the average time for a random walker to reach any other vertex. We introduce two concepts of the directional derivative of Kemeny's constant with respect to an edge and use…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Dario A. Bini , Beatrice Meini , Federico Poloni

Given a stochastic matrix $P$ partitioned in four blocks $P_{ij}$, $i,j=1,2$, Kemeny's constant $\kappa(P)$ is expressed in terms of Kemeny's constants of the stochastic complements $P_1=P_{11}+P_{12}(I-P_{22})^{-1}P_{21}$, and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Dario Andrea Bini , Fabio Durastante , Sooyeong Kim , Beatrice Meini

Kemeny's constant quantifies the expected time for a random walk to reach a randomly chosen vertex, providing insight into the global behavior of a Markov chain. We present a novel eigenvector-based formula for computing Kemeny's constant.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Aida Abiad , Ángeles Carmona , Andrés M. Encinas , Maria José Jiménez , Álvaro Samperio

Kemeny's constant for random walks on a graph is defined as the mean hitting time from one node to another selected randomly according to the stationary distribution. It has found numerous applications and attracted considerable research…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Haisong Xia , Zhongzhi Zhang

In a finite state irreducible Markov chain with stationary probabilities \pi_i and mean first passage times m_(ij) (mean recurrence time when i = j) it was first shown by Kemeny and Snell (1960) that \sum_j \pi_j m_(ij) is a constant K, not…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-18 Jeffrey J. Hunter

Kemeny's constant measures how fast a random walker moves around in a graph. Expressions for Kemeny's constant can be quite involved, and for this reason, many lines of research focus on graphs with structure that makes them amenable to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-13 Jane Breen , Sooyeong Kim , Alexander Low Fung , Amy Mann , Andrei A. Parfeni , Giovanni Tedesco

Kemeny's constant is an invariant of discrete-time Markov chains, equal to the expected number of steps between two states sampled from the stationary distribution. It appears in applications as a concise characterization of the mixing…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Karel Devriendt

In the noisy channel model from coding theory, we wish to detect errors introduced during transmission by optimizing various parameters of the code. Bennett, Dudek, and LaForge framed a variation of this problem in the language of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Patrick Bennett , Ryan Cushman , Andrzej Dudek

We propose two possible definitions for a version of Kemeny's constant of a graph based on non-backtracking random walks (in place of the usual simple random walk). We show that these two definitions coincide for edge-transitive graphs, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Jane Breen , Mark Kempton , Adam Knudson , Matthew Shumway

Given an ergodic finite-state Markov chain, let M_{iw} denote the mean time from i to equilibrium, meaning the expected time, starting from i, to arrive at a state selected randomly according to the equilibrium measure w of the chain. John…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-16 Peter G. Doyle

Given an undirected graph, the resistance distance between two nodes is the resistance one would measure between these two nodes in an electrical network if edges were resistors. Summing these distances over all pairs of nodes yields the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-01 Nicolas Boumal , Xiuyuan Cheng

Kemeny's constant measures the efficiency of a Markov chain in traversing its states. We investigate whether structure-preserving perturbations to the transition probabilities of a reversible Markov chain can improve its connectivity while…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Fabio Durastante , Miryam Gnazzo , Beatrice Meini

The $g$-$extra$ $connectivity$ $\kappa_{g}(G)$ of a connected graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set of vertices, if it exists, whose deletion makes $G$ disconnected and leaves each remaining component with more than $g$ vertices,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-29 Qinze Zhu , Yingzhi Tian
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