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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been adopted and deployed worldwide for a broad variety of applications. However, ensuring their safe use remains a significant challenge. Preference training and safety measures often overfit to harms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Word embedding is an essential building block for deep learning methods for natural language processing. Although word embedding has been extensively studied over the years, the problem of how to effectively embed numerals, a special subset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Chengyue Jiang , Zhonglin Nian , Kaihao Guo , Shanbo Chu , Yinggong Zhao , Libin Shen , Kewei Tu

We demonstrate that a character-level recurrent neural network is able to learn out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words under federated learning settings, for the purpose of expanding the vocabulary of a virtual keyboard for smartphones without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Mingqing Chen , Rajiv Mathews , Tom Ouyang , Françoise Beaufays

Open-vocabulary panoptic segmentation remains a challenging problem. One of the biggest difficulties lies in training models to generalize to an unlimited number of classes using limited categorized training data. Recent popular methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yi-Chia Chen , Wei-Hua Li , Chu-Song Chen

The problem of out of vocabulary words (OOV) is typical for any speech recognition system, hybrid systems are usually constructed to recognize a fixed set of words and rarely can include all the words that will be encountered during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Nikolay Malkovsky , Vladimir Bataev , Dmitrii Sviridkin , Natalia Kizhaeva , Aleksandr Laptev , Ildar Valiev , Oleg Petrov

Multilingual pretrained language models (such as multilingual BERT) have achieved impressive results for cross-lingual transfer. However, due to the constant model capacity, multilingual pre-training usually lags behind the monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang

Pretrained multilingual contextual representations have shown great success, but due to the limits of their pretraining data, their benefits do not apply equally to all language varieties. This presents a challenge for language varieties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ethan C. Chau , Lucy H. Lin , Noah A. Smith

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often English-centric due to the disproportionate distribution of languages in their pre-training data. Enhancing non-English language capabilities through post-pretraining often results in catastrophic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hao Zhou , Zhijun Wang , Shujian Huang , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Weihua Luo , Jiajun Chen

We present a Chinese BERT model dubbed MarkBERT that uses word information in this work. Existing word-based BERT models regard words as basic units, however, due to the vocabulary limit of BERT, they only cover high-frequency words and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Linyang Li , Yong Dai , Duyu Tang , Xipeng Qiu , Zenglin Xu , Shuming Shi

Despite advancements in English-dominant generative large language models, further development is needed for low-resource languages to enhance global accessibility. The primary methods for representing these languages are monolingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Cagri Toraman

The pre-trained language model is trained on large-scale unlabeled text and can achieve state-of-the-art results in many different downstream tasks. However, the current pre-trained language model is mainly concentrated in the Chinese and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Yuan Sun , Sisi Liu , Junjie Deng , Xiaobing Zhao

Online construction of open-ended language scenes is crucial for robotic applications, where open-vocabulary interactive scene understanding is required. Recently, neural implicit representation has provided a promising direction for online…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Muer Tie , Julong Wei , Zhengjun Wang , Ke Wu , Shansuai Yuan , Kaizhao Zhang , Jie Jia , Jieru Zhao , Zhongxue Gan , Wenchao Ding

Multilingual Language Models (\MLLMs) such as mBERT, XLM, XLM-R, \textit{etc.} have emerged as a viable option for bringing the power of pretraining to a large number of languages. Given their success in zero-shot transfer learning, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Gowtham Ramesh , Mitesh M. Khapra , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar

Large language models such as BERT and the GPT series started a paradigm shift that calls for building general-purpose models via pre-training on large datasets, followed by fine-tuning on task-specific datasets. There is now a plethora of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jeremy Gwinnup , Kevin Duh

In natural language processing, it has been observed recently that generalization could be greatly improved by finetuning a large-scale language model pretrained on a large unlabeled corpus. Despite its recent success and wide adoption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Cheolhyoung Lee , Kyunghyun Cho , Wanmo Kang

Model merging has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing large language models, though its application in large-scale pre-training remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of model…

Natural language processing systems often struggle with out-of-vocabulary (OOV) terms, which do not appear in training data. Blends, such as "innoventor", are one particularly challenging class of OOV, as they are formed by fusing together…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yuval Pinter , Cassandra L. Jacobs , Jacob Eisenstein

Previous work on document-level NMT usually focuses on limited contexts because of degraded performance on larger contexts. In this paper, we investigate on using large contexts with three main contributions: (1) Different from previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Liangyou Li , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great promise in multilingual machine translation (MT), even with limited bilingual supervision. However, fine-tuning LLMs with parallel corpora presents major challenges, namely parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bo Li , Tianyu Dong , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

Foundation models update slowly due to resource-intensive training, whereas domain-specific models evolve rapidly between releases. Model merging seeks to combine multiple expert models into a single, more capable model, reducing storage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yongxian Wei , Runxi Cheng , Weike Jin , Enneng Yang , Li Shen , Lu Hou , Sinan Du , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao