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While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

A key challenge in modern deep learning theory is to explain the remarkable success of gradient-based optimization methods when training large-scale, complex deep neural networks. Though linear convergence of such methods has been proved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yash Jakhmola

We analyze recurrent neural networks with diagonal hidden-to-hidden weight matrices, trained with gradient descent in the supervised learning setting, and prove that gradient descent can achieve optimality \emph{without} massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Semih Cayci , Atilla Eryilmaz

Adversarial training is a popular method to give neural nets robustness against adversarial perturbations. In practice adversarial training leads to low robust training loss. However, a rigorous explanation for why this happens under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Yi Zhang , Orestis Plevrakis , Simon S. Du , Xingguo Li , Zhao Song , Sanjeev Arora

We study the implicit bias of gradient descent methods in solving a binary classification problem over a linearly separable dataset. The classifier is described by a nonlinear ReLU model and the objective function adopts the exponential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Tengyu Xu , Yi Zhou , Kaiyi Ji , Yingbin Liang

We give the first dimension-efficient algorithms for learning Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs), which are functions of the form $\mathbf{x} \mapsto \max(0, \mathbf{w} \cdot \mathbf{x})$ with $\mathbf{w} \in \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$. Our algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Surbhi Goel , Varun Kanade , Adam Klivans , Justin Thaler

Daniely and Schacham recently showed that gradient descent finds adversarial examples on random undercomplete two-layers ReLU neural networks. The term "undercomplete" refers to the fact that their proof only holds when the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Sébastien Bubeck , Yeshwanth Cherapanamjeri , Gauthier Gidel , Rémi Tachet des Combes

We propose a computationally-friendly adaptive learning rate schedule, "AdaLoss", which directly uses the information of the loss function to adjust the stepsize in gradient descent methods. We prove that this schedule enjoys linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-20 Xiaoxia Wu , Yuege Xie , Simon Du , Rachel Ward

It has been shown that gradient descent can yield the zero training loss in the over-parametrized regime (the width of the neural networks is much larger than the number of data points). In this work, combining the ideas of some existing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Lei Li

We study the training of deep neural networks by gradient descent where floating-point arithmetic is used to compute the gradients. In this framework and under realistic assumptions, we demonstrate that it is highly unlikely to find ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Clemens Karner , Vladimir Kazeev , Philipp Christian Petersen

We revisit the problem of learning a single neuron with ReLU activation under Gaussian input with square loss. We particularly focus on the over-parameterization setting where the student network has $n\ge 2$ neurons. We prove the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Weihang Xu , Simon S. Du

This work aims to provide understandings on the remarkable success of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by theoretically analyzing their generalization performance and establishing optimization guarantees for gradient descent based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Pan Zhou , Jiashi Feng

This paper establishes the (nearly) optimal approximation error characterization of deep rectified linear unit (ReLU) networks for smooth functions in terms of both width and depth simultaneously. To that end, we first prove that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Jianfeng Lu , Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We study the problem of learning one-hidden-layer neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, where the inputs are sampled from standard Gaussian distribution and the outputs are generated from a noisy teacher…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-21 Xiao Zhang , Yaodong Yu , Lingxiao Wang , Quanquan Gu

This paper considers the problem of learning a single ReLU neuron with squared loss (a.k.a., ReLU regression) in the overparameterized regime, where the input dimension can exceed the number of samples. We analyze a Perceptron-type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jingfeng Wu , Difan Zou , Zixiang Chen , Vladimir Braverman , Quanquan Gu , Sham M. Kakade

We analyse the convergence of one-hidden-layer ReLU networks trained by gradient flow on $n$ data points. Our main contribution leverages the high dimensionality of the ambient space, which implies low correlation of the input samples, to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Léo Dana , Francis Bach , Loucas Pillaud-Vivien

In this paper, we theoretically prove that gradient descent can find a global minimum of non-convex optimization of all layers for nonlinear deep neural networks of sizes commonly encountered in practice. The theory developed in this paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-18 Kenji Kawaguchi , Jiaoyang Huang

In this article we study fully-connected feedforward deep ReLU ANNs with an arbitrarily large number of hidden layers and we prove convergence of the risk of the GD optimization method with random initializations in the training of such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-14 Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

We analyze speed of convergence to global optimum for gradient descent training a deep linear neural network (parameterized as $x \mapsto W_N W_{N-1} \cdots W_1 x$) by minimizing the $\ell_2$ loss over whitened data. Convergence at a linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Sanjeev Arora , Nadav Cohen , Noah Golowich , Wei Hu

Overparametrized neural networks trained by gradient descent (GD) can provably overfit any training data. However, the generalization guarantee may not hold for noisy data. From a nonparametric perspective, this paper studies how well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-28 Tianyang Hu , Wenjia Wang , Cong Lin , Guang Cheng