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This book provides a modern review of Fluctuation Relations and Fluctuation Theorems in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It focuses on the pioneering perspectives of Gallavotti and Cohen, according to which a fluctuation theorem…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Noé Cuneo , Vojkan Jakšić , Claude-Alain Pillet , Armen Shirikyan

Dispersion forces between neutral material bodies are due to fluctuations of the polarization of the bodies. For bodies in equilibrium these forces are often referred to as Casimir-Lifshitz forces. For bodies in relative motion, in addition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-12 Iver Brevik , Boris Shapiro , Mário Silveirinha

We present a new approach to response around arbitrary out-of-equilibrium states in the form of a fluctuation-response inequality (FRI). We study the response of an observable to a perturbation of the underlying stochastic dynamics. We find…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-22 Andreas Dechant , Shin-ichi Sasa

Fluctuation Theorems are statements about the entropy of systems far from thermal equilibrium. In this Letter relativistic Fluctuation Theorems for Brownian motion are presented and proven. Though there is a known discretization dilemma…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Axel Fingerle

Breakdown of time-reversal symmetry is a defining property of non-equilibrium systems, such as active matter, which is composed of units that consume energy. We employ a formalism that allows us to derive a class of identities associated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-26 Martin Kjøllesdal Johnsrud , Ramin Golestanian

We complement and extend our work on fluctuation relations arising in nonequilibrium systems in steady states driven by L\'evy noise [Phys. Rev. E 76, 020101(R) (2006)]. As a concrete example, we consider a particle subjected to a drag…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-20 H. Touchette , E. G. D. Cohen

In nonequilibrium systems, the relative fluctuation of a current has a universal trade-off relation with the entropy production, called the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). For systems with broken time reversal symmetry, its…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-04 Jong-Min Park , Hyunggyu Park

The non-transitivity without extra constraints in the Euler equation in any dimension is almost evident and can be derived, e.g., from Morse theory.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Boris Khesin

Linear response analysis in the nonequilibrium steady state (Gaussian regime) provides two independent fluctuation-response relations. One, in the form of the symmetric matrix, manifests the departure from the equilibrium formula through…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Takahiro Sakaue , Takao Ohta

By using recent developments for the Langevin dynamics of spatially asymmetric systems, we routinely generalize the Onsager-Machlup fluctuation theory of the second order in time. In this form, it becomes applicable to fluctuating…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-12-28 Roman Belousov , E. G. D. Cohen

Thermal fluctuations in non-equilibrium steady states generically lead to power law decay of correlations for conserved quantities. Embedded bodies which constrain fluctuations in turn experience fluctuation induced forces. We compute these…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-07 Avi Aminov , Yariv Kafri , Mehran Kardar

In nonequilibrium steady states of Markov jump processes, we derive exact Fluctuation-Response Relations (FRRs) that express the covariance between any pair of currents in terms of static responses in a notably simple form, thus…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-17 Timur Aslyamov , Krzysztof Ptaszyński , Massimiliano Esposito

We discuss the appearance of time-asymmetric behavior in physical processes in cosmology and in the dynamics of the Universe itself. We begin with an analysis of the nature and origin of irreversibility in well-known physical processes such…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 B. L. Hu

It is shown that thermal fluctuations present in a simple non-degenerate relativistic fluid satisfy a wave equation in the Euler regime. The characteristic propagation speeds are calculated and the classical expression for the speed of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-05-19 A. Sandoval-Villalbazo , D. Brun

We generalize nonequilibrium integral equalities to situations involving absolutely irreversible processes for which the forward-path probability vanishes and the entropy production diverges, rendering conventional integral fluctuation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-11 Yûto Murashita , Ken Funo , Masahito Ueda

Exact solutions for the elastic and thermodynamic properties for the wormlike chain model are elaborated in terms of Mathieu functions. The smearing of the classical Euler buckling instability for clamped polymers is analyzed for the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-05-10 Christina Kurzthaler , Thomas Franosch

It will be shown, how the Boltzmannian ideas on statistical physics can be naturally applied to nonequilibrium thermodynamics. A similar approach for treating nonequilibrium phenomena has been successfully used by Einstein and Smoluchowski…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 W. Pietsch

We argue that an ensemble of backgrounds best understands hydrodynamic dispersion relations in a medium with few degrees of freedom and is therefore subject to strong thermal fluctuations. In the linearized regime, dispersion relations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-23 Farid Taghinavaz , Giorgio Torrieri

We consider a macroscopic system in contact with boundary reservoirs and/or under the action of an external field. We discuss the case in which the external forcing depends explicitly on time and drives the system from a nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-05 L. Bertini , D. Gabrielli , G. Jona-Lasinio , C. Landim

The contradiction of micro-reversibility and macro-irreversibility is an old problem in statistical mechanics. This article argues that irreversibility is present even at the micro level because of the mechanical-electromagnetic…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Tamás Matolcsi