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We evaluate machine comprehension models' robustness to noise and adversarial attacks by performing novel perturbations at the character, word, and sentence level. We experiment with different amounts of perturbations to examine model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Winston Wu , Dustin Arendt , Svitlana Volkova

In recent years, there has been an explosion of research into developing more robust deep neural networks against adversarial examples. Adversarial training appears as one of the most successful methods. To deal with both the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Gaojie Jin , Xinping Yi , Dengyu Wu , Ronghui Mu , Xiaowei Huang

Recent studies demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can excel in many tasks via in-context learning (ICL). However, recent works show that ICL-prompted models tend to produce inaccurate results when presented with adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Xuanli He , Yuxiang Wu , Oana-Maria Camburu , Pasquale Minervini , Pontus Stenetorp

Recent work has shown that language models' refusal behavior is primarily encoded in a single direction in their latent space, making it vulnerable to targeted attacks. Although Latent Adversarial Training (LAT) attempts to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Alexandra Abbas , Nora Petrova , Helios Ael Lyons , Natalia Perez-Campanero

We present a new algorithm to train a robust malware detector. Modern malware detectors rely on machine learning algorithms. Now, the adversarial objective is to devise alterations to the malware code to decrease the chance of being…

Despite the tremendous success of deep neural networks in various learning problems, it has been observed that adding an intentionally designed adversarial perturbation to inputs of these architectures leads to erroneous classification with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Emilio Rafael Balda , Arash Behboodi , Rudolf Mathar

Large language models (LLMs) with explicit reasoning capabilities excel at mathematical reasoning yet still commit process errors, such as incorrect calculations, brittle logic, and superficially plausible but invalid steps. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Qihao Liu , Luoxin Ye , Wufei Ma , Yu-Cheng Chou , Alan Yuille

Adversarial Training (AT) is one of the most effective methods for developing robust deep neural networks (DNNs). However, AT faces a trade-off problem between clean accuracy and adversarial robustness. In this work, we reveal a surprising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yanyun Wang , Qingqing Ye , Li Liu , Zi Liang , Haibo Hu

Context: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications, where resilience against adversarial inputs is paramount. However, whether coverage-based or confidence-based, existing test prioritization methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sheikh Md Mushfiqur Rahman , Nasir Eisty

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

Neural machine translation systems tend to fail on less decent inputs despite its significant efficacy, which may significantly harm the credibility of this systems-fathoming how and when neural-based systems fail in such cases is critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Wei Zou , Shujian Huang , Jun Xie , Xinyu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Despite outstanding performance in a variety of NLP tasks, recent studies have revealed that NLP models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that slightly perturb the input to cause the models to misbehave. Among these attacks, adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Duy C. Hoang , Quang H. Nguyen , Saurav Manchanda , MinLong Peng , Kok-Seng Wong , Khoa D. Doan

Adversarial training is wildly considered as one of the most effective way to defend against adversarial examples. However, existing adversarial training methods consume unbearable time, due to the fact that they need to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Yaguan Qian , Qiqi Shao , Tengteng Yao , Bin Wang , Shouling Ji , Shaoning Zeng , Zhaoquan Gu , Wassim Swaileh

With the widespread use of machine learning, concerns over its security and reliability have become prevalent. As such, many have developed defenses to harden neural networks against adversarial examples, imperceptibly perturbed inputs that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Pratik Vaishnavi , Kevin Eykholt , Amir Rahmati

The astonishing performance of large language models (LLMs) and their remarkable achievements in production and daily life have led to their widespread application in collaborative tasks. However, current large models face challenges such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Xiaoyu Deng , Ye Zhang , Tianmin Guo , Yongzhe Zhang , Zhengjian Kang , Hang Yang

Adversarial learning has emerged as one of the successful techniques to circumvent the susceptibility of existing methods against adversarial perturbations. However, the majority of existing defense methods are tailored to defend against a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Divyam Madaan , Jinwoo Shin , Sung Ju Hwang

Adversarial examples are carefully perturbed in-puts for fooling machine learning models. A well-acknowledged defense method against such examples is adversarial training, where adversarial examples are injected into training data to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Bai Li , Changyou Chen , Wenlin Wang , Lawrence Carin

There has been great interest in enhancing the robustness of neural network classifiers to defend against adversarial perturbations through adversarial training, while balancing the trade-off between robust accuracy and standard accuracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Chester Holtz , Tsui-Wei Weng , Gal Mishne

Adversarial Examples Detection (AED) is a crucial defense technique against adversarial attacks and has drawn increasing attention from the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community. Despite the surge of new AED methods, our studies show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Fan Yin , Yao Li , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kai-Wei Chang

We propose a simple method to align multilingual contextual embeddings as a post-pretraining step for improved zero-shot cross-lingual transferability of the pretrained models. Using parallel data, our method aligns embeddings on the word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Lin Pan , Chung-Wei Hang , Haode Qi , Abhishek Shah , Saloni Potdar , Mo Yu