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Cross-Validation (CV) is the default choice for evaluating the performance of machine learning models. Despite its wide usage, their statistical benefits have remained half-understood, especially in challenging nonparametric regimes. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Garud Iyengar , Henry Lam , Tianyu Wang

This paper presents a theory of error in cross-validation testing of algorithms for predicting real-valued attributes. The theory justifies the claim that predicting real-valued attributes requires balancing the conflicting demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Peter D. Turney

Cross-validation (CV) is a technique for evaluating the ability of statistical models/learning systems based on a given data set. Despite its wide applicability, the rather heavy computational cost can prevent its use as the system size…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-26 Yoshiyuki Kabashima , Tomoyuki Obuchi , Makoto Uemura

Cross validation is commonly used for selecting tuning parameters in penalized regression, but its use in penalized Cox regression models has received relatively little attention in the literature. Due to its partial likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-13 Biyue Dai , Patrick Breheny

This paper begins with a general theory of error in cross-validation testing of algorithms for supervised learning from examples. It is assumed that the examples are described by attribute-value pairs, where the values are symbolic.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Peter D. Turney

K-fold cross-validation (CV) with squared error loss is widely used for evaluating predictive models, especially when strong distributional assumptions cannot be taken. However, CV with squared error loss is not free from distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-10 Assaf Rabinowicz , Saharon Rosset

Tuning parameters in supervised learning problems are often estimated by cross-validation. The minimum value of the cross-validation error can be biased downward as an estimate of the test error at that same value of the tuning parameter.…

Applications · Statistics 2009-08-21 Ryan J. Tibshirani , Robert Tibshirani

While many statistical models and methods are now available for network analysis, resampling network data remains a challenging problem. Cross-validation is a useful general tool for model selection and parameter tuning, but is not directly…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-04 Tianxi Li , Elizaveta Levina , Ji Zhu

When selecting a classification algorithm to be applied to a particular problem, one has to simultaneously select the best algorithm for that dataset \emph{and} the best set of hyperparameters for the chosen model. The usual approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Jacques Wainer , Gavin Cawley

We present a methodology for model evaluation and selection where the sampling mechanism violates the i.i.d. assumption. Our methodology involves a formulation of the bias between the standard Cross-Validation (CV) estimator and the mean…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-14 Oren Yuval , Saharon Rosset

A popular technique for selecting and tuning machine learning estimators is cross-validation. Cross-validation evaluates overall model fit, usually in terms of predictive accuracy. In causal inference, the optimal choice of estimator…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-07 Dominik Rothenhäusler

Randomized artificial neural networks such as extreme learning machines provide an attractive and efficient method for supervised learning under limited computing ressources and green machine learning. This especially applies when equipping…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-02 Ansgar Steland , Bart E. Pieters

Cross-validation is a common method for estimating the predictive performance of machine learning models. In a data-scarce regime, where one typically wishes to maximize the number of instances used for training the model, an approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 George I. Austin , Itsik Pe'er , Tal Korem

In this paper, we develop an implementation of cross-validation for penalized linear mixed models. While these models have been proposed for correlated high-dimensional data, the current literature implicitly assumes that tuning parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-19 Tabitha K. Peter , Patrick J. Breheny

Cross-validation (CV) is one of the most widely used techniques in statistical learning for estimating the test error of a model, but its behavior is not yet fully understood. It has been shown that standard confidence intervals for test…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-10 Min Woo Sun , Robert Tibshirani

We consider prediction in multiple studies with potential differences in the relationships between predictors and outcomes. Our objective is to integrate data from multiple studies to develop prediction models for unseen studies. We propose…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-23 Boyu Ren , Prasad Patil , Francesca Dominici , Giovanni Parmigiani , Lorenzo Trippa

Cross-validation is a well-known and widely used bandwidth selection method in nonparametric regression estimation. However, this technique has two remarkable drawbacks: (i) the large variability of the selected bandwidths, and (ii) the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-11 D. Barreiro-Ures , R. Cao , M. Francisco-Fernández

Many varieties of cross validation would be statistically appealing for the estimation of smoothing and other penalized regression hyperparameters, were it not for the high cost of evaluating such criteria. Here it is shown how to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-06 Simon N. Wood

In a regression model, prediction is typically performed after model selection. The large variability in the model selection makes the prediction unstable. Thus, it is essential to reduce the variability in model selection and improve…

Computation · Statistics 2024-04-11 Wataru Yoshida , Kei Hirose

This work develops central limit theorems for cross-validation and consistent estimators of its asymptotic variance under weak stability conditions on the learning algorithm. Together, these results provide practical, asymptotically-exact…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-03 Pierre Bayle , Alexandre Bayle , Lucas Janson , Lester Mackey