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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant progress across various domains, but their increasing scale results in high computational and memory costs. Recent studies have revealed that LLMs exhibit sparsity, providing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingkuan Feng , Jinyang Wu , Shuai Zhang , Pengpeng Shao , Ruihan Jin , Zhengqi Wen , Jianhua Tao , Feihu Che

This paper carries out an empirical analysis of various dropout techniques for language modelling, such as Bernoulli dropout, Gaussian dropout, Curriculum Dropout, Variational Dropout and Concrete Dropout. Moreover, we propose an extension…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-05 James O' Neill , Danushka Bollegala

Recently, the pre-trained language model, BERT (and its robustly optimized version RoBERTa), has attracted a lot of attention in natural language understanding (NLU), and achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in various NLU tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Wei Wang , Bin Bi , Ming Yan , Chen Wu , Zuyi Bao , Jiangnan Xia , Liwei Peng , Luo Si

We propose pre-finetuning, an additional large-scale learning stage between language model pre-training and fine-tuning. Pre-finetuning is massively multi-task learning (around 50 datasets, over 4.8 million total labeled examples), and is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Armen Aghajanyan , Anchit Gupta , Akshat Shrivastava , Xilun Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer , Sonal Gupta

In this work we explore the relevance of dropout for modern language models, particularly in the context of models on the scale of <100M parameters. We explore it's relevance firstly in the regime of improving the sample efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Dylan Hillier , Leon Guertler , Bobby Cheng , Cheston Tan

Overfitting is one of the most critical challenges in deep neural networks, and there are various types of regularization methods to improve generalization performance. Injecting noises to hidden units during training, e.g., dropout, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Hyeonwoo Noh , Tackgeun You , Jonghwan Mun , Bohyung Han

Dropout Regularization, serving to reduce variance, is nearly ubiquitous in Deep Learning models. We explore the relationship between the dropout rate and model complexity by training 2,000 neural networks configured with random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Christopher Sun , Jai Sharma , Milind Maiti

Blind Super-Resolution (blind SR) aims to enhance the model's generalization ability with unknown degradation, yet it still encounters severe overfitting issues. Some previous methods inspired by dropout, which enhances generalization by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hang Xu , Wei Yu , Jiangtong Tan , Zhen Zou , Feng Zhao

We introduce Dynamic Dropout, a novel regularization technique designed to enhance the training efficiency of Transformer models by dynamically adjusting the dropout rate based on training epochs or validation loss improvements. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Hanrui Yan , Dan Shao

Language models often pre-train on large unsupervised text corpora, then fine-tune on additional task-specific data. However, typical fine-tuning schemes do not prioritize the examples that they tune on. We show that, if you can prioritize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Ian Osband , Seyed Mohammad Asghari , Benjamin Van Roy , Nat McAleese , John Aslanides , Geoffrey Irving

Sparsely gated Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have been shown to be a compute-efficient method to scale model capacity for multilingual machine translation. However, for low-resource tasks, MoE models severely over-fit. We show effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Maha Elbayad , Anna Sun , Shruti Bhosale

Recent research has shown that large language models pretrained using unsupervised approaches can achieve significant performance improvement on many downstream tasks. Typically when adapting these language models to downstream tasks, like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Xiaodi Sun , Sunny Rajagopalan , Priyanka Nigam , Weiyi Lu , Yi Xu , Belinda Zeng , Trishul Chilimbi

In this work, we examine methods for data augmentation for text-based tasks such as neural machine translation (NMT). We formulate the design of a data augmentation policy with desirable properties as an optimization problem, and derive a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Xinyi Wang , Hieu Pham , Zihang Dai , Graham Neubig

Pretrained language models are promising particularly for low-resource languages as they only require unlabelled data. However, training existing models requires huge amounts of compute, while pretrained cross-lingual models often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Sebastian Ruder , Piotr Czapla , Marcin Kardas , Sylvain Gugger , Jeremy Howard

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been successful in various domains like robotics, game playing, and simulation. While RL agents have shown impressive capabilities in their specific tasks, they insufficiently adapt to new tasks. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Thomas Schmied , Markus Hofmarcher , Fabian Paischer , Razvan Pascanu , Sepp Hochreiter

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are general purpose problem solvers applicable to a diverse set of tasks with prompts. They can be further improved towards a specific task by fine-tuning on a specialized dataset. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Yihan Wang , Si Si , Daliang Li , Michal Lukasik , Felix Yu , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Inderjit S Dhillon , Sanjiv Kumar

Dropout is a powerful and widely used technique to regularize the training of deep neural networks. In this paper, we introduce a simple regularization strategy upon dropout in model training, namely R-Drop, which forces the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Xiaobo Liang , Lijun Wu , Juntao Li , Yue Wang , Qi Meng , Tao Qin , Wei Chen , Min Zhang , Tie-Yan Liu

Multitask prompted finetuning (MTF) has been shown to help large language models generalize to new tasks in a zero-shot setting, but so far explorations of MTF have focused on English data and models. We apply MTF to the pretrained…

In natural language processing, pre-trained language models have become essential infrastructures. However, these models often suffer from issues such as large size, long inference time, and challenging deployment. Moreover, most mainstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Xin Yao , Ziqing Yang , Yiming Cui , Shijin Wang

The pruning objective has recently extended beyond accuracy and sparsity to robustness in language models. Despite this, existing methods struggle to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks when continually increasing model sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jianwei Li , Qi Lei , Wei Cheng , Dongkuan Xu