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Despite their impressive performance, contemporary neural networks often lack structural safeguards that promote stable learning and interpretable behavior. In this work, we introduce a reformulation of layer-level transformations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Saleh Nikooroo , Thomas Engel

Implicit Neural Representation (INR), leveraging a neural network to transform coordinate input into corresponding attributes, has recently driven significant advances in several vision-related domains. However, the performance of INR is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Moein Heidari , Reza Rezaeian , Reza Azad , Dorit Merhof , Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh , Ilker Hacihaliloglu

An artificial neuron is modelled as a weighted summation followed by an activation function which determines its output. A wide variety of activation functions such as rectified linear units (ReLU), leaky-ReLU, Swish, MISH, etc. have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas , Amina Asif

In this article we present new results on neural networks with linear threshold activation functions. We precisely characterize the class of functions that are representable by such neural networks and show that 2 hidden layers are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Sammy Khalife , Hongyu Cheng , Amitabh Basu

It is difficult to describe in mathematical terms what a neural network trained on data represents. On the other hand, there is a growing mathematical understanding of what neural networks are in principle capable of representing.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Daan Huybrechs

In certain situations, neural networks will represent environment states in their hidden activations. Our goal is to visualize what environment states the networks are representing. We experiment with a recurrent neural network (RNN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Nevan Wichers , Victor Tao , Riccardo Volpato , Fazl Barez

Deep neural network architectures often consist of repetitive structural elements. We introduce an approach that reveals these patterns and can be broadly applied to the study of deep learning. Similarly to how a power strip helps untangle…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-03 Donghee Lee , Hye-Sung Lee , Jaeok Yi

Mechanistic interpretability aims to explain what a neural network has learned at a nuts-and-bolts level. What are the fundamental primitives of neural network representations? Previous mechanistic descriptions have used individual neurons…

Neural networks use their hidden layers to transform input data into linearly separable data clusters, with a linear or a perceptron type output layer making the final projection on the line perpendicular to the discriminating hyperplane.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Wlodzislaw Duch

While deep neural networks (DNNs) have become a standard architecture for many machine learning tasks, their internal decision-making process and general interpretability is still poorly understood. Conversely, common decision trees are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Coenraad Mouton , Marelie H. Davel

Interpreting complex neural networks is crucial for understanding their decision-making processes, particularly in applications where transparency and accountability are essential. This proposed method addresses this need by focusing on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Deepshikha Bhati , Fnu Neha , Md Amiruzzaman , Angela Guercio , Deepak Kumar Shukla , Ben Ward

Deep neural networks have become ubiquitous for applications related to visual recognition and language understanding tasks. However, it is often prohibitive to use typical neural networks on devices like mobile phones or smart watches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Sujith Ravi

Activation functions are essential to introduce nonlinearity into neural networks, with the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) often favored for its simplicity and effectiveness. Motivated by the structural similarity between a shallow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jiayun Li , Yuxiao Cheng , Yiwen Lu , Zhuofan Xia , Yilin Mo , Gao Huang

Recent Progress has shown that exploitation of hidden layer neurons in convolution neural networks incorporating with a carefully designed activation function can yield better classification results in the field of computer vision. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Zhi Chen , Pin-han Ho

The success of deep neural nets heavily relies on their ability to encode complex relations between their input and their output. While this property serves to fit the training data well, it also obscures the mechanism that drives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Itai Gat , Guy Lorberbom , Idan Schwartz , Tamir Hazan

In this paper, a novel multi-head multi-layer perceptron (MLP) structure is presented for implicit neural representation (INR). Since conventional rectified linear unit (ReLU) networks are shown to exhibit spectral bias towards learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Arya Aftab , Alireza Morsali

We propose a general framework called Network Dissection for quantifying the interpretability of latent representations of CNNs by evaluating the alignment between individual hidden units and a set of semantic concepts. Given any CNN model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-20 David Bau , Bolei Zhou , Aditya Khosla , Aude Oliva , Antonio Torralba

We present a simple linear regression based approach for learning the weights and biases of a neural network, as an alternative to standard gradient based backpropagation. The present work is exploratory in nature, and we restrict the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Harshad Khadilkar

In recent years many methods have been developed to understand the internal workings of neural networks, often by describing the function of individual neurons in the model. However, these methods typically only focus on explaining the very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Tuomas Oikarinen , Tsui-Wei Weng

The predictive power of neural networks often costs model interpretability. Several techniques have been developed for explaining model outputs in terms of input features; however, it is difficult to translate such interpretations into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Benjamin J. Lengerich , Sandeep Konam , Eric P. Xing , Stephanie Rosenthal , Manuela Veloso