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A noise-based non-parametric technique for detecting nebulous objects, for example, irregular or clumpy galaxies, and their structure in noise is introduced. "Noise-based" and "non-parametric" imply that this technique imposes negligible…
In observational astronomy, noise obscures signals of interest. Large-scale astronomical surveys are growing in size and complexity, which will produce more data and increase the workload of data processing. Developing automated tools, such…
Microscopy image analysis often requires the segmentation of objects, but training data for this task is typically scarce and hard to obtain. Here we propose DenoiSeg, a new method that can be trained end-to-end on only a few annotated…
This paper aims to quantify how the lowest halo mass that can be detected with galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lensing depends on the quality of the observations and the characteristics of the observed lens systems. Using simulated data,…
Development of optical technology has enabled imaging of two-dimensional (2D) sound fields. This acousto-optic sensing enables understanding of the interaction between sound and objects such as reflection and diffraction. Moreover, it is…
NSClean is an algorithm and associated python package for removing faint vertical banding and ``picture frame noise'' from JWST Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) images. NSClean uses known dark areas to fit a background model to each…
The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) is one the four focal plane instruments on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) which was launched on December 25, 2021. We present the in-flight status and performance of NIRSpec's detector system…
NUISANCE is an open source C++ framework which facilitates detailed studies of neutrino interaction cross-section models implemented in Monte Carlo neutrino event generators. It provides a host of automated methods to perform comparisons of…
We present a method for automated classification of galaxies with low signal-to-noise (S/N) spectra typical of redshift surveys. We develop spectral simulations based on the parameters for the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, and with these…
The PICsIT detector onboard the INTEGRAL satellite was designed to provide information about emission in the soft gamma-ray band for many bright sources. Due to strong and variable instrumental background, only 4 objects have been detected…
Accurate defect segmentation is critical for industrial inspection, yet dense pixel-level annotations are rarely available. A common workaround is to convert inexpensive bounding boxes into pseudo-masks using foundation segmentation models…
Recently, the application of low rank minimization to image denoising has shown remarkable denoising results which are equivalent or better than those of the existing state-of-the-art algorithms. However, due to iterative nature of low rank…
The Smallest Scale of Hierarchy (SSH) survey is an ongoing strategic large program at the Large Binocular Telescope, aimed at the detection of faint stellar streams and satellites around 45 late-type dwarf galaxies located in the Local…
The rapid advancement of generative models has made real and synthetic images increasingly indistinguishable. Although extensive efforts have been devoted to detecting AI-generated images, out-of-distribution generalization remains a…
A review of the results of the Near-IR S0 galaxy Survey (NIRS0S) is presented. NIRS0S is a magnitude (mB 12.5 mag) and inclination (< 65o) limited sample of 200 nearby galaxies, mainly S0s. It uses deep Ks -band images, typically reaching a…
Stochastic resonance describes the utility of noise in improving the detectability of weak signals in certain types of systems. It has been observed widely in natural and engineered settings, but its utility in image classification with…
We study various measures of weak lensing distortions in future surveys, taking into account the noise arising from the finite survey size and the intrinsic ellipticity of galaxies. We also consider a realistic redshift distribution of the…
Nano-scale molecular communication is a viable way of exchanging information between nano-machines. In this letter, a low-complexity and non-coherent signal detection technique is proposed to mitigate the inter-symbol-interference (ISI) and…
Superpixel is widely used in image processing. And among the methods for superpixel generation, clustering-based methods have a high speed and a good performance at the same time. However, most clustering-based superpixel methods are…
Color plays a crucial role in the visualization, interpretation, and analysis of multi-wavelength astronomical images. However, generating color images that accurately represent the full dynamic range of astronomical sources is challenging.…