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Sleep stages pattern provides important clues in diagnosing the presence of sleep disorder. By analyzing sleep stages pattern and extracting its features from EEG, EOG, and EMG signals, we can classify sleep stages. This study presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Endang Purnama Giri , Mohamad Ivan Fanany , Aniati Murni Arymurthy

Sleep staging is essential for the assessment of sleep quality and the diagnosis of sleep-related disorders. Conventional polysomnography (PSG), while considered the gold standard, is intrusive, labor-intensive, and unsuitable for long-term…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Zhuo Diao , Yueting Li , Jianpeng Wang , Shengyu Guan , Xinwei Wang , Wenxiong Cui , Xin Shi , Tong Liu , Kailai Sun , Jingyu Wang , Dian Fan , Thomas Penzel

Sleep stage classification is crucial for diagnosing and managing disorders such as sleep apnea and insomnia. Conventional clinical methods like polysomnography are costly and impractical for long-term home use. We present an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Zahra Mohammadi , Parnian Fazel , Siamak Mohammadi

Automated sleep stage classification using heart-rate variability is an active field of research. In this work limitations of the current state-of-the-art are addressed through the use of deep learning techniques and their efficacy is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-09-18 Mustafa Radha , Pedro Fonseca , Marco Ross , Andreas Cerny , Peter Anderer , Ronald M. Aarts

Sleep is a fundamental physiological process that is essential for sustaining a healthy body and mind. The gold standard for clinical sleep monitoring is polysomnography(PSG), based on which sleep can be categorized into five stages,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Bing Zhai , Yu Guan , Michael Catt , Thomas Ploetz

In this paper, two modern adaptive signal processing techniques, Empirical Intrinsic Geometry and Synchrosqueezing transform, are applied to quantify different dynamical features of the respiratory and electroencephalographic signals. We…

Medical Physics · Physics 2014-10-07 Hau-tieng Wu , Ronen Talmon , Yu-Lun Lo

One of the common human diseases is sleep disorders. The classification of sleep stages plays a fundamental role in diagnosing sleep disorders, monitoring treatment effectiveness, and understanding the relationship between sleep stages and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Hassan Ardeshir , Mohammad Araghi

The regulation of the autonomic nervous system changes with the sleep stages causing variations in the physiological variables. We exploit these changes with the aim of classifying the sleep stages in awake or asleep using pulse oximeter…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Ramiro Casal , Leandro E. Di Persia , Gastón Schlotthauer

Conventional sleep monitoring is time-consuming, expensive and uncomfortable, requiring a large number of contact sensors to be attached to the patient. Video data is commonly recorded as part of a sleep laboratory assessment. If accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jonathan Carter , João Jorge , Bindia Venugopal , Oliver Gibson , Lionel Tarassenko

This paper proposes a practical approach to addressing limitations posed by use of single active electrodes in applications for sleep stage classification. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based characterizations of sleep stage progression…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-08-04 Hao Dong , Akara Supratak , Wei Pan , Chao Wu , Paul M. Matthews , Yike Guo

We present the Open-Source Sleep Monitor and Modulator (OSSMM), an open-source hardware and software platform for accessible sleep research. The OSSMM comprises a small wearable headband built from 3D prints and affordable…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Jonny Giordano , Fergal Stapleton , Gabriel Palma , Barak A. Pearlmutter

Sleep is particularly important to the health of infants, children, and adolescents, and sleep scoring is the first step to accurate diagnosis and treatment of potentially life-threatening conditions. But pediatric sleep is severely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-27 Harlin Lee , Aaqib Saeed

Objective. Sleep is a critical physiological process that plays a vital role in maintaining physical and mental health. Accurate detection of arousals and sleep stages is essential for the diagnosis of sleep disorders, as frequent and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Hasan Zan , Abdulnasir Yildiz

Sleeping problems have become one of the major diseases all over the world. To tackle this issue, the basic tool used by specialists is the Polysomnogram, which is a collection of different signals recorded during sleep. After its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Enrique Fernandez-Blanco , Daniel Rivero , Alejandro Pazos

Sleep studies are imperative to recapitulate phenotypes associated with sleep loss and uncover mechanisms contributing to psychopathology. Most often, investigators manually classify the polysomnography into vigilance states, which is…

Automatic sleep stage scoring is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Although deep learning models have advanced the field, many existing models are computationally demanding and designed for single-channel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhaowen Wang , Dongdong Zhou , Qi Xu , Fengyu Cong , Mohammad Al-Sa'd , Jenni Raitoharju

In this paper, we address the challenges in automatic sleep stage classification, particularly the high computational cost, inadequate modeling of bidirectional temporal dependencies, and class imbalance issues faced by Transformer-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-22 Xinliang Zhou , Yuzhe Han , Zhisheng Chen , Chenyu Liu , Yi Ding , Ziyu Jia , Yang Liu

We introduce an innovative approach to automated sleep stage classification using EOG signals, addressing the discomfort and impracticality associated with EEG data acquisition. In addition, it is important to note that this approach is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Suvadeep Maiti , Shivam Kumar Sharma , Raju S. Bapi

In this paper, we propose a novel method and a practical approach to predicting early onsets of sleep syndromes, including restless leg syndrome, insomnia, based on an algorithm that is comprised of two modules. A Fast Fourier Transform is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-07-09 Tim Cvetko , Tinkara Robek

Accurate classification of sleep stages based on bio-signals is fundamental not only for automatic sleep stage annotation, but also for clinical health management and continuous sleep monitoring. Traditionally, this task relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jingyu Li , Tiehua Zhang , Jinze Wang , Yi Zhang , Yuhuan Li , Yifan Zhao , Zhishu Shen , Libing Wu , Jiannan Liu