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Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a widely-used data-driven approach to learn an approximation of the Koopman operator. Consequently, it provides a powerful tool for data-driven analysis, prediction, and control of nonlinear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-23 Yang Guo , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Stefan Streif

Global information about dynamical systems can be extracted by analysing associated infinite-dimensional transfer operators, such as Perron-Frobenius and Koopman operators as well as their infinitesimal generators. In practice, these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Liam Llamazares-Elias , Samir Llamazares-Elias , Jonas Latz , Stefan Klus

Within this work, we investigate how data-driven numerical approximation methods of the Koopman operator can be used in practical control engineering applications. We refer to the method Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD), which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-16 Annika Junker , Julia Timmermann , Ansgar Trächtler

In this paper, a data-driven nonparametric approach is presented for forecasting the probability density evolution of stochastic dynamical systems. The method is based on stochastic Koopman operator and extended dynamic mode decomposition…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-12 Meng Zhao , Lijian Jiang

The Koopman operator and its data-driven approximations, such as extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD), are widely used for analysing, modelling, and controlling nonlinear dynamical systems. However, when the true Koopman…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Roland Schurig , Pieter van Goor , Karl Worthmann , Rolf Findeisen

We present Stochastic Dynamic Mode Decomposition (SDMD), a novel data-driven framework for approximating the Koopman semigroup in stochastic dynamical systems. Unlike existing methods, SDMD explicitly incorporates sampling time into its…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Yuanchao Xu , Kaidi Shao , Isao Ishikawa , Yuka Hashimoto , Nikos Logothetis , Zhongwei Shen

The Koopman operator is a linear, infinite-dimensional operator that governs the dynamics of system observables; Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a data-driven method for approximating the Koopman operator using functions…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Anthony M. DeGennaro , Nathan M. Urban

Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a popular data-driven method to approximate the Koopman operator for deterministic and stochastic (control) systems. This operator is linear and encompasses full information on the (expected…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Friedrich Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Sebastian Peitz , Feliks Nüske

The estimation of equations from data is of interest in physics. One of the famous methods is the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy), which utilizes sparse estimation techniques to estimate equations from data. Recently, a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-07-01 Yuki Tahara , Kakutaro Fukushi , Shunta Takahashi , Kayo Kinjo , Jun Ohkubo

The Koopman operator is beneficial for analyzing nonlinear and stochastic dynamics; it is linear but infinite-dimensional, and it governs the evolution of observables. The extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is one of the famous…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-18 Jun Ohkubo

Data-driven techniques for analysis, modeling, and control of complex dynamical systems are on the uptake. Koopman theory provides the theoretical foundation for the popular kernel extended dynamic mode decomposition (kEDMD). In this work,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Lea Bold , Friedrich M. Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann

Numerical approximation methods for the Koopman operator have advanced considerably in the last few years. In particular, data-driven approaches such as dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and its generalization, the extended-DMD (EDMD), are…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-25 Qianxiao Li , Felix Dietrich , Erik M. Bollt , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a powerful tool to construct linear predictors of nonlinear dynamical systems by approximating the action of the Koopman operator on a subspace spanned by finitely many observable functions.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Roland Schurig , Pieter van Goor , Karl Worthmann , Rolf Findeisen

The Koopman operator is a linear but infinite dimensional operator that governs the evolution of scalar observables defined on the state space of an autonomous dynamical system, and is a powerful tool for the analysis and decomposition of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Matthew O. Williams , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Clarence W. Rowley

Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) and its variants, such as extended DMD (EDMD), are broadly used to fit simple linear models to dynamical systems known from observable data. As DMD methods work well in several situations but perform poorly…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-08-06 George Haller , Bálint Kaszás

Koopman operator theory shows how nonlinear dynamical systems can be represented as an infinite-dimensional, linear operator acting on a Hilbert space of observables of the system. However, determining the relevant modes and eigenvalues of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Daniel J. Alford-Lago , Christopher W. Curtis , Alexander T. Ihler , Opal Issan

In this paper, we show how kernel-based models for the Koopman generator -- the gEDMD method -- can be used to identify coarse-grained dynamics on reduced variables, which retain the slowest transition timescales of the original dynamics.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Vahid Nateghi , Feliks Nüske

Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a popular data-driven method to predict the action of the Koopman operator, i.e., the evolution of an observable function along the flow of a dynamical system. In this paper, we leverage a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-17 Lea Bold , Manuel Schaller , Irene Schimperna , Karl Worthmann

The Koopman operator and extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) as a data-driven technique for its approximation have attracted considerable attention as a key tool for modeling, analysis, and control of complex dynamical systems.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-07 Philipp Schmitz , Lea Bold , Friedrich M. Philipp , Mario Rosenfelder , Peter Eberhard , Henrik Ebel , Karl Worthmann

System identification and Koopman spectral analysis are crucial for uncovering physical laws and understanding the long-term behaviour of stochastic dynamical systems governed by stochastic differential equations (SDEs). In this work, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Jun Zhou , Yiming Meng , Jun Liu
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