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Exploration in environments with sparse rewards has been a persistent problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Many tasks are natural to specify with a sparse reward, and manually shaping a reward function can result in suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Ashvin Nair , Bob McGrew , Marcin Andrychowicz , Wojciech Zaremba , Pieter Abbeel

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms have achieved great success on sequential decision-making problems, yet is criticized for the lack of data-efficiency and explainability. Especially, explainability of subtasks is critical in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Daoming Lyu

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) algorithms have been demonstrated to perform well on high-dimensional decision making and robotic control tasks. However, because they solely optimize for rewards, the agent tends to search the same…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Kandai Watanabe , Mathew Strong , Omer Eldar

Hierarchies of temporally decoupled policies present a promising approach for enabling structured exploration in complex long-term planning problems. To fully achieve this approach an end-to-end training paradigm is needed. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Abdul Rahman Kreidieh , Glen Berseth , Brandon Trabucco , Samyak Parajuli , Sergey Levine , Alexandre M. Bayen

Deep reinforcement learning has shown promise in discrete domains requiring complex reasoning, including games such as Chess, Go, and Hanabi. However, this type of reasoning is less often observed in long-horizon, continuous domains with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Andrew C. Li , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Rodrigo Toro Icarte , Sheila A. McIlraith

Reward design is a fundamental, yet challenging aspect of reinforcement learning (RL). Researchers typically utilize feedback signals from the environment to handcraft a reward function, but this process is not always effective due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Alexander Bukharin , Yixiao Li , Pengcheng He , Tuo Zhao

The remarkable empirical performance of distributional reinforcement learning (RL) has garnered increasing attention to understanding its theoretical advantages over classical RL. By decomposing the categorical distributional loss commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Ke Sun , Yingnan Zhao , Enze Shi , Yafei Wang , Xiaodong Yan , Bei Jiang , Linglong Kong

Safe exploration is a common problem in reinforcement learning (RL) that aims to prevent agents from making disastrous decisions while exploring their environment. A family of approaches to this problem assume domain knowledge in the form…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Steven Carr , Nils Jansen , Sebastian Junges , Ufuk Topcu

The empirical success of deep learning is often attributed to deep networks' ability to exploit hierarchical structure in data, constructing increasingly complex features across layers. Yet despite substantial progress in deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yunwei Ren , Yatin Dandi , Florent Krzakala , Jason D. Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the three basic paradigms of machine learning. It has demonstrated impressive performance in many complex tasks like Go and StarCraft, which is increasingly involved in smart manufacturing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Mingqi Yuan

Temporal abstraction in reinforcement learning (RL), offers the promise of improving generalization and knowledge transfer in complex environments, by propagating information more efficiently over time. Although option learning was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Martin Klissarov , Doina Precup

Goal-conditioned hierarchical reinforcement learning (GCHRL) provides a promising approach to solving long-horizon tasks. Recently, its success has been extended to more general settings by concurrently learning hierarchical policies and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Siyuan Li , Jin Zhang , Jianhao Wang , Yang Yu , Chongjie Zhang

Many real-world tasks involve delayed effects, where the outcomes of actions emerge after varying time lags. Existing delay-aware reinforcement learning methods often rely on state augmentation, prior knowledge of delay distributions, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Chenran Zhao , Dianxi Shi , Haotian Wang , Mengzhu Wang , Yaowen Zhang , Chunping Qiu , Shaowu Yang

Recent breakthroughs both in reinforcement learning and trajectory optimization have made significant advances towards real world robotic system deployment. Reinforcement learning (RL) can be applied to many problems without needing any…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Guillaume Bellegarda , Katie Byl

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision-making tasks across diverse domains, yet its reliance on black-box neural architectures hinders interpretability, trust, and deployment in high-stakes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zelei Cheng , Jiahao Yu , Xinyu Xing

Meta-Reinforcement Learning (Meta-RL) enables fast adaptation to new testing tasks. Despite recent advancements, it is still challenging to learn performant policies across multiple complex and high-dimensional tasks. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Minjae Cho , Chuangchuang Sun

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han

Reinforcement Learning (RL) with rubric-based rewards has recently shown remarkable progress in enhancing general reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet still suffers from ineffective exploration confined to curent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Wenjian Zhang , Kongcheng Zhang , Jiaxin Qi , Baisheng Lai , Jianqiang Huang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has experienced a second wind in the past decade. While incredibly successful in images and videos, these systems still operate within the realm of propositional tasks ignoring the inherent structure that exists…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Fateme Golivand Darvishvand , Hikaru Shindo , Sahil Sidheekh , Kristian Kersting , Sriraam Natarajan

In this study, we discuss how reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective and efficient framework for solving sociohydrology problems. The efficacy of RL for these types of problems is evident because of its ability to update policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Tirthankar Roy , Shivendra Srivastava , Beichen Zhang