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The WAY theorem establishes an important constraint that conservation laws impose on quantum mechanical measurements. We formulate the WAY theorem in the broader context of resource theories, where one is constrained to a subset of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-02 Mehdi Ahmadi , David Jennings , Terry Rudolph

Quantum resource theories provide a structured and elegant framework for quantifying quantum resources. While state-based resource theories have been extensively studied, their measurement-based resource theories remain relatively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Arindam Mitra , Sumit Mukherjee , Changhyoup Lee

We review the basic idea behind resource theories, where we quantify quantum resources by specifying a restricted class of operations. This divides the state space into various sets, including states which are free (because they can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Michał Horodecki , Jonathan Oppenheim

The characterization of physical systems requires a comprehensive understanding of quantum effects. One aspect is a proper quantification of the strength of such quantum phenomena. Here, a general convex ordering of quantum states will be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-24 J. Sperling , W. Vogel

A fundamental approach for the characterization and quantification of all kinds of resources is to study the conversion between different resource objects under certain constraints. Here we analyze, from a resource-non-specific standpoint,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-11 Zi-Wen Liu , Kaifeng Bu , Ryuji Takagi

One of the key issues in quantum discrimination problems is understanding the extent of the advantages in discrimination performance when using resource states compared to resourceless states. We show that in any resource theory of states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Kenji Nakahira

A general theory of resource-bounded measurability and measure is developed. Starting from any feasible probability measure $\nu$ on the Cantor space $\C$ and any suitable complexity class $C \subseteq \C$, the theory identifies the subsets…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-02-01 Jack Lutz

Quantum technology offers great advantages in many applications by exploiting quantum resources like nonclassicality, coherence, and entanglement. In practice, an environmental noise unavoidably affects a quantum system and it is thus an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-03 Jaehak Lee , Kyunghyun Baek , Jiyong Park , Jaewan Kim , Hyunchul Nha

Quantum resource theories (QRTs) provide a comprehensive and practical framework for the analysis of diverse quantum phenomena. A fundamental task within QRTs is the quantification of resources inherent in a given quantum state. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Xuanran Zhu , Chao Zhang , Zheng An , Bei Zeng

A class of quantum resource theories, based on non-convex star-shape sets, presented in this work captures the key quantum properties that cannot be studied by standard convex theories. We provide operational interpretations for a resource…

Quantum entanglement is a useful resource for implementing communication tasks. However, for the resource to be useful in practice, it needs to be accessible by parties with bounded computational resources. Computational entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Ilia Ryzov , Faedi Loulidi , David Elkouss

We initiate the systematic study of resource theories of quantum channels, i.e. of the dynamics that quantum systems undergo by completely positive maps, in abstracto: Resources are in principle all maps from one quantum system to another,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-09 Zi-Wen Liu , Andreas Winter

Quantum resource theories offer a powerful framework for studying various phenomena in quantum physics. Despite considerable effort has been devoted to developing a unified framework of resource theories, there are few common properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-17 C. L. Liu , Xiao-Dong Yu , D. M. Tong

Quantum coherence is an essential ingredient in quantum information processing and plays a central role in emergent fields such as nanoscale thermodynamics and quantum biology. However, our understanding and quantitative characterization of…

We consider a general resource theory that allows the use of free resource as a catalyst. We show that the amount of `resource' contained in a given state, in the asymptotic scenario, is equal to the regularized relative entropy of resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-13 Anurag Anshu , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Rahul Jain

Quantum resource theories (QRTs) provide a unified theoretical framework for understanding inherent quantum-mechanical properties that serve as resources in quantum information processing, but resources motivated by physics may possess…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Kohdai Kuroiwa , Hayata Yamasaki

Quantum instruments describe both the classical output and the updated quantum state in a measurement process. To do this in a non-trivial way, instruments must have the capability to interact coherently with the state that they measure.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Chung-Yun Hsieh , Armin Tavakoli , Huan-Yu Ku , Paul Skrzypczyk

Quantum resource theories provide a unified framework to quantitatively analyze inherent quantum properties as resources for quantum information processing. So as to investigate the best way for quantifying resources, desirable axioms for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Kohdai Kuroiwa , Hayata Yamasaki

A fundamental challenge in quantum resource theory is to establish operational interpretations by quantifying the advantage that quantum resources provide in specific tasks. Conventional resource theories, however, have inherent limitations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Sunho Kim , Chunhe Xiong , Junde Wu

Fluctuation theorems provide universal constraints on nonequilibrium energy and entropy fluctuations, making them a natural framework to assess how and to what extent quantum resources become thermodynamically relevant. We develop a unified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Sukrut Mondkar , Sayan Mondal , Ujjwal Sen