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Optimal power flow (OPF) is the fundamental mathematical model in power system operations. Improving the solution quality of OPF provide huge economic and engineering benefits. The convex reformulation of the original nonconvex alternating…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-02 Zhao Yuan

This paper reconsiders end-to-end learning approaches to the Optimal Power Flow (OPF). Existing methods, which learn the input/output mapping of the OPF, suffer from scalability issues due to the high dimensionality of the output space.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Seonho Park , Wenbo Chen , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem is critical to power system operations and planning, but it is generally hard to solve due to its nonconvex and large-scale nature. This paper proposes a scalable decomposition…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-12 Shenyinying Tu , Andreas Waechter , Ermin Wei

The alternating current (AC) chance-constrained optimal power flow (CC-OPF) problem addresses the economic efficiency of electricity generation and delivery under generation uncertainty. The latter is intrinsic to modern power grids because…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-01 Mile Mitrovic , Aleksandr Lukashevich , Petr Vorobev , Vladimir Terzija , Yury Maximov , Deepjyoti Deka

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

Learning to optimize (L2O) parametric approximations of AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) solutions offers the potential for fast, reusable decision-making in real-time power system operations. However, the inherent nonconvexity of AC-OPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shimiao Li , Aaron Tuor , Draguna Vrabie , Larry Pileggi , Jan Drgona

Due to the increasing amount of electricity generated from renewable sources, uncertainty in power system operation will grow. This has implications for tools such as Optimal Power Flow (OPF), an optimization problem widely used in power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-04-02 Line Roald , Sidhant Misra , Michael Chertkov , Göran Andersson

OPF problems are formulated and solved for power system operations, especially for determining generation dispatch points in real-time. For large and complex power system networks with large numbers of variables and constraints, finding the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Thuan Pham , Xingpeng Li

Optimal power flow (OPF) problem is a class of large-scale and non-convex optimization problem. Various algorithms are proposed to solve the challenging OPF problem. Recent studies show that semidefinite programming (SDP) can either provide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-09 Chin-Yao Chang , Wei Zhang

Secondary distribution networks (SDNets) play an increasingly important role in smart grids due to a high proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) in SDNets. However, most existing optimal power flow (OPF) problems do not take…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-23 Rui Cheng , Naihao Shi , Zhaoyu Wang , Zixiao Ma

Convex relaxations and approximations of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem have gained significant research and industrial interest for planning and operations in electric power networks. One approach for reducing their solve times is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Shourya Bose , Kejun Chen , Yu Zhang

In this paper, we propose a combined Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) and dynamic estimation approach for a real-time power grid operation under time-varying conditions. A dynamic estimation uses grid measurements to generate the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Miguel Picallo , Dominic Liao-McPherson , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

Formulating the alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) as a polynomial optimization problem makes it possible to solve large instances in practice and to guarantee asymptotic convergence in theory.

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Bissan Ghaddar , Jakub Marecek , Martin Mevissen

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem determines power generation/demand that minimize a certain objective such as generation cost or power loss. It is nonconvex. We prove that, for radial networks, after shrinking its feasible set slightly,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Lingwen Gan , Na Li , Ufuk Topcu , Steven H. Low

Challenges in the planning and operation of distribution networks caused by the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) create the need for the development of tools that can be easily used by system operators, industry, and the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Tomislav Antić , Andrew Keane , Tomislav Capuder

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is fundamental in power system operations and planning. Large-scale renewable penetration in distribution networks calls for real-time feedback control, and hence the need for fast and distributed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-19 Qiuyu Peng , Steven H. Low

We consider a robust optimization problem in an electric power system under uncertain demand and availability of renewable energy resources. Solving the deterministic alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem has been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-16 Chaithanya Bandi , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , David Morton , Haoxiang Yang

This paper introduces a novel distributed optimization framework for large-scale AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems, offering both theoretical convergence guarantees and rapid convergence in practice. By integrating smoothing techniques…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Xinliang Dai , Yuning Jiang , Yi Guo , Colin N. Jones , Moritz Diehl , Veit Hagenmeyer

This chapter presents recent solutions to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in the presence of renewable energy sources (RES), {such} as solar photo-voltaic and wind generation. After introducing the original formulation of the problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-27 Mohammadreza Chamanbaz , Fabrizio Dabbene , Constantino Lagoa

This paper proposes a Separable Projective Approximation Routine-Optimal Power Flow (SPAR-OPF) framework for solving two-stage stochastic optimization problems in power systems. The framework utilizes a separable piecewise linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Shishir Lamichhane , Abodh Poudyal , Nicholas R. Jones , Bala Krishnamoorthy , Anamika Dubey