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Artificial neural networks have proven to be extremely useful models that have allowed for multiple recent breakthroughs in the field of Artificial Intelligence and many others. However, they are typically regarded as black boxes, given how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Manuel de Sousa Ribeiro , João Leite

While machine learning techniques have been successfully applied in several fields, the black-box nature of the models presents challenges for interpreting and explaining the results. We develop a new framework called Adaptive Explainable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-03 Jie Chen , Joel Vaughan , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

Studying language models (LMs) in terms of well-understood formalisms allows us to precisely characterize their abilities and limitations. Previous work has investigated the representational capacity of recurrent neural network (RNN) LMs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Anej Svete , Ryan Cotterell

Deep learning continues to play as a powerful state-of-art technique that has achieved extraordinary accuracy levels in various domains of regression and classification tasks, including images, video, signal, and natural language data. The…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Anna Zou , Zhiyuan Li

Today, it is more important than ever before for users to have trust in the models they use. As Machine Learning models fall under increased regulatory scrutiny and begin to see more applications in high-stakes situations, it becomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 William Knauth

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

This manuscript proposes a probabilistic framework for algorithms that iteratively solve unconstrained linear problems $Bx = b$ with positive definite $B$ for $x$. The goal is to replace the point estimates returned by existing methods with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-16 Philipp Hennig

Rule-based explanation methods offer rigorous and globally interpretable insights into neural network behavior. However, existing approaches are mostly limited to small fully connected networks and depend on costly layerwise rule extraction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chuqin Geng , Anqi Xing , Li Zhang , Ziyu Zhao , Yuhe Jiang , Xujie Si

Automata extraction is a method for synthesising interpretable surrogates for black-box neural models that can be analysed symbolically. Existing techniques assume a finite input alphabet, and thus are not directly applicable to data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chih-Duo Hong , Hongjian Jiang , Anthony W. Lin , Oliver Markgraf , Julian Parsert , Tony Tan

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

We present a passive automata learning algorithm that can extract automata from recurrent networks with very large or even infinite alphabets. Our method combines overapproximations from the field of Abstract Interpretation and passive…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jaouhar Slimi , Tristan Le Gall , Augustin Lemesle

Recently, deep architectures, such as recurrent and recursive neural networks have been successfully applied to various natural language processing tasks. Inspired by bidirectional recurrent neural networks which use representations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-12-03 Ozan İrsoy , Claire Cardie

Neural networks are hypothesized to implement interpretable causal mechanisms, yet verifying this requires finding a causal abstraction -- a simpler, high-level Structural Causal Model (SCM) faithful to the network under interventions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Amir Asiaee

This paper provides an entry point to the problem of interpreting a deep neural network model and explaining its predictions. It is based on a tutorial given at ICASSP 2017. It introduces some recently proposed techniques of interpretation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Grégoire Montavon , Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

The willingness to trust predictions formulated by automatic algorithms is key in a vast number of domains. However, a vast number of deep architectures are only able to formulate predictions without an associated uncertainty. In this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-28 Matteo Ferrante , Tommaso Boccato , Nicola Toschi

Interpretability of deep neural networks (DNNs) is essential since it enables users to understand the overall strengths and weaknesses of the models, conveys an understanding of how the models will behave in the future, and how to diagnose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Neural networks are often regarded as "black boxes" due to their complex functions and numerous parameters, which poses significant challenges for interpretability. This study addresses these challenges by introducing methods to enhance the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-26 Mohamad Yamen AL Mohamad , Hossein Bevrani , Ali Akbar Haydari

Mechanistic interpretability aims to explain what a neural network has learned at a nuts-and-bolts level. What are the fundamental primitives of neural network representations? Previous mechanistic descriptions have used individual neurons…

The pursuit of interpretable artificial intelligence has led to significant advancements in the development of methods that aim to explain the decision-making processes of complex models, such as deep learning systems. Among these methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yihao Zhang

Deep learning as represented by the artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved great success in many important areas that deal with text, images, videos, graphs, and so on. However, the black-box nature of DNNs has become one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Fenglei Fan , Jinjun Xiong , Mengzhou Li , Ge Wang