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In this paper we pursue the question of a fully online trading algorithm (i.e. one that does not need offline training on previously gathered data). For this task we use Double Deep $Q$-learning in the episodic setting with Fast Learning…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-30 Boian Lazov

Can an agent learn efficiently in a noisy and self adapting environment with sequential, non-stationary and non-homogeneous observations? Through trading bots, we illustrate how Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) can tackle this challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Sandrine Ungari , Abhishek Mukhopadhyay , Jamal Atif

Model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms such as Q-learning [Watkins, Dayan 92] have been widely used in practice and can achieve human level performance in applications such as video games [Mnih et al. 15]. Recently, equipped with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Zhao Song , Wen Sun

This paper establishes a new and comprehensive theoretical analysis for the application of reinforcement learning (RL) in high-frequency market making. We bridge the modern RL theory and the continuous-time statistical models in…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-13 Yuheng Zheng , Zihan Ding

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

Model-free reinforcement learning has been successfully applied to a range of challenging problems, and has recently been extended to handle large neural network policies and value functions. However, the sample complexity of model-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Shixiang Gu , Timothy Lillicrap , Ilya Sutskever , Sergey Levine

Designing missiles' autopilot controllers has been a complex task, given the extensive flight envelope and the nonlinear flight dynamics. A solution that can excel both in nominal performance and in robustness to uncertainties is still to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Bernardo Cortez

Straddle Option is a financial trading tool that explores volatility premiums in high-volatility markets without predicting price direction. Although deep reinforcement learning has emerged as a powerful approach to trading automation in…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-11 Yiran Wan , Xinyu Ying , Shengzhen Xu

Market makers play an important role in providing liquidity to markets by continuously quoting prices at which they are willing to buy and sell, and managing inventory risk. In this paper, we build a multi-agent simulation of a dealer…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-11-15 Sumitra Ganesh , Nelson Vadori , Mengda Xu , Hua Zheng , Prashant Reddy , Manuela Veloso

With the increasing power of computers and the rapid development of self-learning methodologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, the problem of constructing an automatic Financial Trading Systems (FTFs) becomes an…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-08-29 Haoqian Li , Thomas Lau

Quantum machine learning has the potential for a transformative impact across industry sectors and in particular in finance. In our work we look at the problem of hedging where deep reinforcement learning offers a powerful framework for…

Reinforcement learning is a model-free optimal control method that optimizes a control policy through direct interaction with the environment. For reaching tasks that end in regulation, popular discrete-action methods are not well suited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Wouter Caarls

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transforming the domain of Quantitative Trading (QT) through the deployment of advanced algorithms capable of sifting through extensive financial datasets to pinpoint lucrative…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-12-27 Maochun Xu , Zixun Lan , Zheng Tao , Jiawei Du , Zongao Ye

Deep Q-learning is investigated as an end-to-end solution to estimate the optimal strategies for acting on time series input. Experiments are conducted on two idealized trading games. 1) Univariate: the only input is a wave-like price time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Xiang Gao

Portfolio Management is the process of overseeing a group of investments, referred to as a portfolio, with the objective of achieving predetermined investment goals. Portfolio optimization is a key component that involves allocating the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-20 Srijan Sood , Kassiani Papasotiriou , Marius Vaiciulis , Tucker Balch

We study whether a risk-sensitive objective from asset-pricing theory -- recursive utility -- improves reinforcement learning for portfolio allocation. The Bellman equation under recursive utility involves a certainty equivalent (CE) of…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-25 Minkey Chang

This paper proposes a novel approach for Asset-Liability Management (ALM) by employing continuous-time Reinforcement Learning (RL) with a linear-quadratic (LQ) formulation that incorporates both interim and terminal objectives. We develop a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yilie Huang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a classical tool to solve network control or policy optimization problems in unknown environments. The original Q-learning suffers from performance and complexity challenges across very large networks. Herein,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Talha Bozkus , Urbashi Mitra

Advanced algorithms based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) have been able to become a reliable tool for the Forex market traders and provide a suitable strategy for maximizing profit and reducing trading risk. These tools try to find…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Sahar Arabha , Davoud Sarani , Parviz Rashidi-Khazaee

Bimodal, stochastic environments present a challenge to typical Reinforcement Learning problems. This problem is one that is surprisingly common in real world applications, being particularly applicable to pricing problems. In this paper we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 E. Hurwitz , N. Peace , G. Cevora