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The competition between liquid and solid states of strongly correlated electron systems occurs in a novel way in a strong magnetic field. The fact that certain Landau level filling factors are especially favorable for the formation of…
Thermoelectric devices convert temperature gradients into electrical power and vice versa, thus enabling energy scavenging from waste heat, sensing and cooling. Yet, many of these attractive applications are hindered by the limited…
We consider the effect of disorder on the themopower in quantum Hall systems. For a sample in the Corbino geometry, where dissipative currents are not carried by edge states, we find that thermopower behaves at high temperatures like a…
Heat resources of small temperature difference are easily accessible, free and unlimited on earth. Thermoelectric effects provide the technology for converting these heat resources directly into electricity. We present designs of…
Ideally, quantum anomalous Hall systems should display zero longitudinal resistance. Yet in experimental quantum anomalous Hall systems elevated temperature can make the longitudinal resistance finite, indicating dissipative flow of…
Thermodynamics dictates that the specific heat of a system is strictly non-negative. However, in finite classical systems there are well known theoretical and experimental cases where this rule is violated, in particular finite atomic…
We investigate a mechanism for extracting heat from metallic conductors based on the energy-selective transmission of electrons through a spatially asymmetric resonant structure subject to ac driving. This quantum refrigerator can operate…
The physics of the fractional quantum Hall effect is the physics of interacting electrons confined to a macroscopically degenerate Landau level. In this Chapter we discuss the theory of the quantum Hall effect in systems where the electrons…
Heat transport in multiple quantum-Hall edge channels at Landau-level filling factor nu = 2, 4, and 8 is investigated with a quantum point contact as a heat generator and a quantum dot as a local thermometer. Heat distribution among the…
Many protocols in quantum science and technology require initializing a system in a pure quantum state. In the context of the motional state of massive resonators, this enables studying fundamental physics at the elusive quantum-classical…
We report the observation of TEMPERATURE-INDUCED transitions between insulator, metal, and quantum-Hall behaviors for transport coefficients in the very dilute high mobility two-dimensional electron system in silicon. We consider the…
We study quantum transport through two-terminal nanoscale devices in contact with two particle reservoirs at different temperatures and chemical potentials. We discuss the general expressions controlling the electric charge current, heat…
Spin Hall effect converts charge current to spin current, which can exert spin-torque to switch the magnetization of a nanomagnet. Recently, it is shown that the ratio of spin current to charge current using spin Hall effect can be made…
Quantum technologies offer unprecedented capabilities in computation and secure information transfer. Their implementation requires qubits to operate at cryogenic temperatures (CT) while control and readout electronics typically still…
The single-particle energy spectrum of a two-dimensional electron gas in a perpendicular magnetic field consists of equally-spaced spin-split Landau levels, whose degeneracy is proportional to the magnetic field strength. At integer and…
Microscopic processes giving the energy gain and loss of a two-dimensional electron system in long-range potential fluctuations are studied theoretically at the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect in the case of even-integer filling…
We operate an on-demand source of single electrons in high perpendicular magnetic fields up to 30T, corresponding to a filling factor below 1/3. The device extracts and emits single charges at a tunable energy from and to a two-dimensional…
We report on the dramatic evolution of the quantum Hall ferromagnet in the fractional quantum Hall regime at $\nu = 2/5$ filling. A large enhancement in the characteristic timescale gives rise to a dynamical transition into a novel…
To fully appreciate the impacts that the discovery of the quantum Hall effect had on electrical metrology, it may benefit the reader to cultivate a general understanding of the phenomenon. Two-dimensional electron systems can exhibit many…
The thermoelectric properties of a three terminal quantum spin Hall (QSH) sample are examined. Inherent helicity of the QSH sample helps to generate a large charge power efficiently. Along with charge the system can be designed to work as a…