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Related papers: Methods, Models, and the Evolution of Moral Psycho…

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People often engage in costly cooperation, especially in repeated interactions. When deciding whether to cooperate, individuals typically take into account how others have acted in the past. For instance, when one person is deciding whether…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-07 Saptarshi Pal , Christian Hilbe , Nikoleta E Glynatsi

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled human-like responses across various tasks, raising questions about their ethical decision-making capabilities and potential biases. This study systematically evaluates how nine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wentao Xu , Yile Yan , Yuqi Zhu

Understanding how biological organisms make decisions is of fundamental importance in understanding behavior. Such an understanding within evolutionary game theory so far has been sought by appealing to bounded rationality. Here, we present…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Mohammad Salahshour

As large language models (LLMs) become more deeply integrated into various sectors, understanding how they make moral judgments has become crucial, particularly in the realm of autonomous driving. This study utilized the Moral Machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Kazuhiro Takemoto

Humans display significant uncertainty when confronted with moral dilemmas, yet the extent of such uncertainty in machines and AI agents remains underexplored. Recent studies have confirmed the overly confident tendencies of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jea Kwon , Luiz Felipe Vecchietti , Sungwon Park , Meeyoung Cha

A myriad of explainability methods have been proposed in recent years, but there is little consensus on how to evaluate them. While automatic metrics allow for quick benchmarking, it isn't clear how such metrics reflect human interaction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Ana Valeria Gonzalez , Anna Rogers , Anders Søgaard

Artificial intelligence (AI) was initially developed as an implicit moral agent to solve simple and clearly defined tasks where all options are predictable. However, it is now part of our daily life powering cell phones, cameras, watches,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Mohamed Akrout , Robert Steinbauer

In this paper, we analyze the performance of an agent developed according to a well-accepted appraisal theory of human emotion with respect to how it modulates play in the context of a social dilemma. We ask if the agent will be capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Moojan Ghafurian , Neil Budnarain , Jesse Hoey

Is it possible to evaluate the moral cognition of complex artificial agents? In this work, we take a look at one aspect of morality: `doing the right thing for the right reasons.' We propose a behavior-based analysis of artificial moral…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yiran Mao , Madeline G. Reinecke , Markus Kunesch , Edgar A. Duéñez-Guzmán , Ramona Comanescu , Julia Haas , Joel Z. Leibo

There appears to be a common agreement that ethical concerns are of high importance when it comes to systems equipped with some sort of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Demands for ethical AI are declared from all directions. As a response, in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Ville Vakkuri , Marianna Jantunen , Erika Halme , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Anh Nguyen-Duc , Tommi Mikkonen , Pekka Abrahamsson

There is a mismatch between psychological and computational studies on emotions. Psychological research aims at explaining and documenting internal mechanisms of these phenomena, while computational work often simplifies them into labels.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Enrica Troiano , Sofie Labat , Marco Antonio Stranisci , Viviana Patti , Rossana Damiano , Roman Klinger

An emerging theme in artificial intelligence research is the creation of models to simulate the decisions and behavior of specific people, in domains including game-playing, text generation, and artistic expression. These models go beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Reid McIlroy-Young , Jon Kleinberg , Siddhartha Sen , Solon Barocas , Ashton Anderson

In an effort to guarantee that machine learning model outputs conform with human moral values, recent work has begun exploring the possibility of explicitly training models to learn the difference between right and wrong. This is typically…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko , Esma Balkir

As AI systems increasingly navigate applications in healthcare, law, and governance, understanding how they handle ethically complex scenarios becomes critical. Previous work has mainly examined the moral judgments in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Keenan Samway , Max Kleiman-Weiner , David Guzman Piedrahita , Rada Mihalcea , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Ethicists, policy-makers, and the general public have questioned whether artificial entities such as robots warrant rights or other forms of moral consideration. There is little synthesis of the research on this topic so far. We identify…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Jamie Harris , Jacy Reese Anthis

Mereology is the study of parts and the relationships that hold between them. We introduce a behavioral approach to mereology, in which systems and their parts are known only by the types of behavior they can exhibit. Our discussion is…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-07-06 Brendan Fong , David Jaz Myers , David I. Spivak

This study seeks to uncover evidence of a latent structure in evolved human culture as it is refracted through contemporary large language models (LLMs). Drawing on parallel responses from six leading generative models to a prompt which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-09 W. Russell Neuman

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a digital technology that will be of major importance for the development of humanity in the near future. AI has raised fundamental questions about what we should do with such systems, what the systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Vincent C. Müller

Poor research design and data analysis encourage false-positive findings. Such poor methods persist despite perennial calls for improvement, suggesting that they result from something more than just misunderstanding. The persistence of poor…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-10-04 Paul E. Smaldino , Richard McElreath

Evolutionary robot systems offer two principal advantages: an advanced way of developing robots through evolutionary optimization and a special research platform to conduct what-if experiments regarding questions about evolution. Our study…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jie Luo , Karine Miras , Jakub Tomczak , Agoston E. Eiben