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Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is the task of inferring the logical relationship, typically entailment or contradiction, between a premise and hypothesis. Code-mixing is the use of more than one language in the same conversation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Simran Khanuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

We analyze two Natural Language Inference data sets with respect to their linguistic features. The goal is to identify those syntactic and semantic properties that are particularly hard to comprehend for a machine learning model. To this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Maren Pielka , Felix Rode , Lisa Pucknat , Tobias Deußer , Rafet Sifa

The task of abductive natural language inference (\alpha{}nli), to decide which hypothesis is the more likely explanation for a set of observations, is a particularly difficult type of NLI. Instead of just determining a causal relationship,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Emīls Kadiķis , Vaibhav Srivastav , Roman Klinger

Finding counterevidence to statements is key to many tasks, including counterargument generation. We build a system that, given a statement, retrieves counterevidence from diverse sources on the Web. At the core of this system is a natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Yohan Jo , Haneul Yoo , JinYeong Bak , Alice Oh , Chris Reed , Eduard Hovy

Recent studies show that crowd-sourced Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets may suffer from significant biases like annotation artifacts. Models utilizing these superficial clues gain mirage advantages on the in-domain testing set,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Guanhua Zhang , Bing Bai , Jian Liang , Kun Bai , Conghui Zhu , Tiejun Zhao

Scaling inference compute in large language models (LLMs) through repeated sampling consistently increases the coverage (fraction of problems solved) as the number of samples increases. We conjecture that this observed improvement is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Gal Yona , Or Honovich , Omer Levy , Roee Aharoni

Comparative constructions pose a challenge in Natural Language Inference (NLI), which is the task of determining whether a text entails a hypothesis. Comparatives are structurally complex in that they interact with other linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Izumi Haruta , Koji Mineshima , Daisuke Bekki

Many natural language inference (NLI) datasets contain biases that allow models to perform well by only using a biased subset of the input, without considering the remainder features. For instance, models are able to make a classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Dimion Asael , Zachary Ziegler , Yonatan Belinkov

Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets contain annotation artefacts resulting in spurious correlations between the natural language utterances and their respective entailment classes. These artefacts are exploited by neural networks even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Joe Stacey , Pasquale Minervini , Haim Dubossarsky , Sebastian Riedel , Tim Rocktäschel

In the interest of interpreting neural NLI models and their reasoning strategies, we carry out a systematic probing study which investigates whether these models capture the crucial semantic features central to natural logic: monotonicity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Julia Rozanova , Deborah Ferreira , Marco Valentino , Mokanrarangan Thayaparan , Andre Freitas

Deep learning models for semantics are generally evaluated using naturalistic corpora. Adversarial methods, in which models are evaluated on new examples with known semantic properties, have begun to reveal that good performance at these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Atticus Geiger , Ignacio Cases , Lauri Karttunen , Chris Potts

Natural language explanations play a fundamental role in Natural Language Inference (NLI) by revealing how premises logically entail hypotheses. Recent work has shown that the interaction of large language models (LLMs) with theorem provers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xin Quan , Marco Valentino , Louise A. Dennis , André Freitas

Monotonicity reasoning is one of the important reasoning skills for any intelligent natural language inference (NLI) model in that it requires the ability to capture the interaction between lexical and syntactic structures. Since no test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Hitomi Yanaka , Koji Mineshima , Daisuke Bekki , Kentaro Inui , Satoshi Sekine , Lasha Abzianidze , Johan Bos

We revisit the reference determinacy (RD) assumption in the task of natural language inference (NLI), i.e., the premise and hypothesis are assumed to refer to the same context when human raters annotate a label. While RD is a practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Sihao Chen , Chaitanya Malaviya , Alex Fabrikant , Hagai Taitelbaum , Tal Schuster , Senaka Buthpitiya , Dan Roth

We introduce Uncertain Natural Language Inference (UNLI), a refinement of Natural Language Inference (NLI) that shifts away from categorical labels, targeting instead the direct prediction of subjective probability assessments. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Tongfei Chen , Zhengping Jiang , Adam Poliak , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Benjamin Van Durme

Many recent studies have shown that for models trained on datasets for natural language inference (NLI), it is possible to make correct predictions by merely looking at the hypothesis while completely ignoring the premise. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Tianyu Liu , Xin Zheng , Baobao Chang , Zhifang Sui

Neural network models have shown great success at natural language inference (NLI), the task of determining whether a premise entails a hypothesis. However, recent studies suggest that these models may rely on fallible heuristics rather…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-04 R. Thomas McCoy , Tal Linzen

Crowdworker-constructed natural language inference (NLI) datasets have been found to contain statistical artifacts associated with the annotation process that allow hypothesis-only classifiers to achieve better-than-random performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Christine Herlihy , Rachel Rudinger

Native language identification (NLI) is the task of training (via supervised machine learning) a classifier that guesses the native language of the author of a text. This task has been extensively researched in the last decade, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Barbara Berti , Andrea Esuli , Fabrizio Sebastiani