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The detection of fast quasi-periodic variability from accreting black holes and neutron stars has been used to constrain their masses, radii, and spins. If the observed oscillations are linear modes in the accretion disks, then bounds can…
Every field of Science is undergoing unprecedented changes in the discovery process, and Astronomy has been a main player in this transition since the beginning. The ongoing and future large and complex multi-messenger sky surveys impose a…
Smart grid data can be evaluated for anomaly detection in numerous fields, including cyber-security, fault detection, electricity theft, etc. The strange anomalous behaviors may have been caused by various reasons, including peculiar…
We present a scenario for the production of dynamically cold rings around the Milky Way via a high-eccentricity, flyby encounter. These initial conditions are more cosmologically motivated than those considered in previous works. We find…
The history of astronomical discovery shows that many of the most detectable phenomena, especially detection firsts, are not typical members of their broader class, but rather rare, extreme cases with disproportionately large observational…
The core-accretion mechanism for gas giant formation may be too slow to create all observed gas giant planets during reasonable gas disk lifetimes, but it has yet to be firmly established that the disk instability model can produce…
Technological civilizations may rely upon large-scale photovoltaic arrays to harness energy from their host star. Photovoltaic materials, such as silicon, possess distinctive spectral features, including an "artificial edge" that is…
The possible existence of strange stars in the universe will help in the understanding of various properties of quantum chromodynamics, like asymptotic freedom and chiral symmetry restoration, which is otherwise very difficult to prove in…
The interest in the problem of small asteroids observed shortly before a deep close approach or an impact with the Earth has grown a lot in recent years. Since the observational dataset of such objects is very limited, they deserve…
One of the striking discoveries of protoplanetary disc research in recent years are the spiral arms seen in several transitional discs in polarised scattered light. An interesting interpretation of the observed spiral features is that they…
Compact relativistic stars allow us to study the nature of matter under extreme conditions, probing regions of parameter space that are otherwise inaccessible. Nuclear theory in this regime is not well constrained: one key issue is whether…
Many circumstellar discs appear to have misaligned central regions that give rise to shadows seen in scattered light observations. Small warps ($<20^\circ$ misalignment) are probably more common but are also more difficult to detect than…
Despite the revolution in our knowledge resulting from the detection of planets around mature stars, we know almost nothing about planets orbiting young stars because rapid rotation and active photospheres preclude detection by radial…
When a neutron star is compressed to huge densities, it may be converted to a strange star. In property of the event/year rate of a neutron star - strange star binary system, we show that the operational phase of advanced gravitational wave…
Asteroseismology has opened a window on the internal physics of thousands of stars, by relating oscillation spectra properties to the internal physics of stars. Mode identification, namely the process of associating a measured oscillation…
Asteroseismology of solar-type stars has an important part to play in the exoplanet program of the NASA Kepler Mission. Precise and accurate inferences on the stellar properties that are made possible by the seismic data allow very tight…
The discovery of over 200 extrasolar planets with the radial velocity (RV) technique has revealed that many giant planets have large eccentricities, in striking contrast with most of the planets in the solar system and prior theories of…
Giant planets are expected to form at orbital radii that are relatively large compared to transit and radial velocity detections (>1 AU). As a result, giant planet formation is best observed through direct imaging. By simulating the…
Dynamical instability is shown to occur in differentially rotating polytropes with N = 3.33 and $T/|W| \gtrsim 0.14$. This instability has a strong m=1 mode, although the m=2, 3, and 4 modes also appear. Such instability may allow a…
Classically oscillating massive fields can be used as "standard clocks" in the primordial universe. They generate features in primordial density perturbations that directly record the scale factor evolution a(t). Detecting and measuring…