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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to role-play humans and replicate complex social dynamics. While large-scale social simulations are gaining increasing attention, they still face significant challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xinyi Mou , Chen Qian , Wei Liu , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

This work introduces an approach to assessing phrase break in ESL learners' speech with pre-trained language models (PLMs). Different with traditional methods, this proposal converts speech to token sequences, and then leverages the power…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Zhiyi Wang , Shaoguang Mao , Wenshan Wu , Yan Xia

This study introduces an ensemble framework for unstructured text categorization using large language models (LLMs). By integrating multiple models, the ensemble large language model (eLLM) framework addresses common weaknesses of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Ariel Kamen , Yakov Kamen

Embodied scene understanding serves as the cornerstone for autonomous agents to perceive, interpret, and respond to open driving scenarios. Such understanding is typically founded upon Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Nevertheless, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Yunsong Zhou , Linyan Huang , Qingwen Bu , Jia Zeng , Tianyu Li , Hang Qiu , Hongzi Zhu , Minyi Guo , Yu Qiao , Hongyang Li

Word embeddings play a significant role in many modern NLP systems. Since learning one representation per word is problematic for polysemous words and homonymous words, researchers propose to use one embedding per word sense. Their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Qi Li , Tianshi Li , Baobao Chang

Neural language modeling (LM) has led to significant improvements in several applications, including Automatic Speech Recognition. However, they typically require large amounts of training data, which is not available for many domains and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Navid Rekabsaz , Nikolaos Pappas , James Henderson , Banriskhem K. Khonglah , Srikanth Madikeri

Human understanding of text depends on general semantic concepts of words rather than their superficial forms. To what extent does our human intuition transfer to language models? In this work, we study the degree to which current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Crystina Zhang , Jing Lu , Vinh Q. Tran , Tal Schuster , Donald Metzler , Jimmy Lin

Word embeddings are trained to predict word cooccurrence statistics, which leads them to possess different lexical properties (syntactic, semantic, etc.) depending on the notion of context defined at training time. These properties manifest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Jingyi He , KC Tsiolis , Kian Kenyon-Dean , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

While large language models (LMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across numerous tasks, they often struggle with simple reasoning and planning in physical environments, such as understanding object permanence or planning household…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jiannan Xiang , Tianhua Tao , Yi Gu , Tianmin Shu , Zirui Wang , Zichao Yang , Zhiting Hu

Language models have been shown to be rich enough to encode fMRI activations of certain Regions of Interest in our Brains. Previous works have explored transfer learning from representations learned for popular natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Arvindh Arun , Jerrin John , Sanjai Kumaran

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been used for sequential decision making in interactive environments. However, leveraging environment reward signals for continual LLM actor improvement is not straightforward. We propose Skill Set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Kolby Nottingham , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Bhavana Dalvi Mishra , Sameer Singh , Peter Clark , Roy Fox

Idiomatic expressions can be problematic for natural language processing applications as their meaning cannot be inferred from their constituting words. A lack of successful methodological approaches and sufficiently large datasets prevents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Tadej Škvorc , Polona Gantar , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Large language models (LLMs) take sequences of subwords as input, requiring them to effective compose subword representations into meaningful word-level representations. In this paper, we present a comprehensive set of experiments to probe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Qiwei Peng , Yekun Chai , Anders Søgaard

One of the primary driving forces contributing to the superior performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is the extensive availability of human-annotated natural language data, which is used for alignment fine-tuning. This inspired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Fangzhi Xu , Qiushi Sun , Kanzhi Cheng , Jun Liu , Yu Qiao , Zhiyong Wu

Modern deep transfer learning approaches have mainly focused on learning generic feature vectors from one task that are transferable to other tasks, such as word embeddings in language and pretrained convolutional features in vision.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Zhilin Yang , Jake Zhao , Bhuwan Dhingra , Kaiming He , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Yann LeCun

Most state-of-the-art models in natural language processing (NLP) are neural models built on top of large, pre-trained, contextual language models that generate representations of words in context and are fine-tuned for the task at hand.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Brian Lester , Daniel Pressel , Amy Hemmeter , Sagnik Ray Choudhury , Srinivas Bangalore

Long Short Term Memory LSTM-based structures have demonstrated their efficiency for daily living recognition activities in smart homes by capturing the order of sensor activations and their temporal dependencies. Nevertheless, they still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Damien Bouchabou , Sao Mai Nguyen , Christophe Lohr , Benoit Leduc , Ioannis Kanellos

Replacing static word embeddings with contextualized word representations has yielded significant improvements on many NLP tasks. However, just how contextual are the contextualized representations produced by models such as ELMo and BERT?…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Kawin Ethayarajh

Despite recent advancements, most computational methods for molecule optimization are constrained to single- or double-property optimization tasks and suffer from poor scalability and generalizability to novel optimization tasks. Meanwhile,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Vishal Dey , Xiao Hu , Xia Ning

We introduce semantic form mid-tuning, an approach for transferring semantic knowledge from semantic meaning representations into transformer-based language encoders. In mid-tuning, we learn to align the text of general sentences -- not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Mohammad Umair , Francis Ferraro