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Given (orthonormal) approximations $\tilde{U}$ and $\tilde{V}$ to the left and right subspaces spanned by the leading singular vectors of a matrix $A$, we discuss methods to approximate the leading singular values of $A$ and study their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Lorenzo Lazzarino , Hussam Al Daas , Yuji Nakatsukasa

Matrix completion is a classical problem that has received recurring interest across a wide range of fields. In this paper, we revisit this problem in an ultra-sparse sampling regime, where each entry of an unknown, $n\times d$ matrix $M$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hongyang R. Zhang , Zhenshuo Zhang , Huy L. Nguyen , Guanghui Lan

Gaussian universality results assert that the properties of many estimators remain unchanged when the input data are replaced by Gaussians. Such results have gained popularity in high-dimensional statistics and machine learning, as…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Kevin Han Huang , Morgane Austern , Peter Orbanz

We confirm a conjecture posed by Bergelson, Moreira, and Richter (arXiv:1711.05729), and in particular show that for every probability measure preserving system $(X,\mathscr{B},\mu,T)$, every $k\in \mathbb{N}$, every set $A\in \mathscr{B}$…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Michael Reilly

We consider a non-commutative polynomial in several independent $N$-dimensional random unitary matrices, uniformly distributed over the unitary, orthogonal or symmetric groups, and assume that the coefficients are $n$-dimensional matrices.…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-11 Charles Bordenave , Benoit Collins

We consider the normalized adjacency matrix of a random $d$-regular graph on $N$ vertices with any fixed degree $d\geq 3$ and denote its eigenvalues as $\lambda_1=d/\sqrt{d-1}\geq \lambda_2\geq\lambda_3\cdots\geq \lambda_N$. We establish…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Jiaoyang Huang , Theo McKenzie , Horng-Tzer Yau

We investigate the statistical properties of $C=uvu^{-1}v^{-1}$, when $u$ and $v$ are independent random matrices, uniformly distributed with respect to the Haar measure of the groups $U(N)$ and $O(N)$. An exact formula is derived for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-11-07 Pedro H. S. Palheta , Marcelo R. Barbosa , Marcel Novaes

We study approximation properties of sequences of centered random elements $X_d$, $d\in\mathbb N$, with values in separable Hilbert spaces. We focus on sequences of tensor product-type and, in particular, degree-type random elements, which…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-10-17 A. A. Khartov

The Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma states that there exist linear maps that project a set of points of a vector space into a space of much lower dimension such that the Euclidean distance between these points is approximately preserved. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Pierre-Louis Poirion , Bruno F. Lourenço , Akiko Takeda

The near orthgonality of certain $k$-vectors involving the Ramanujan sums were studied by E. Alkan in [J. Number Theory, 140:147--168 (2014)]. Here we undertake the study of similar vectors involving a generalization of the Ramanujan sums…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Neha Elizabeth Thomas , K Vishnu Namboothiri

Suppose X is a random vector, that is distributed uniformly in some n-dimensional convex set. It was conjectured that when the dimension n is very large, there exists a non-zero vector u, such that the distribution of the real random…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2009-11-11 B. Klartag

Approximation in this paper is of vectors on the unit $d$-cube by the projection of integer lattice points onto the same cube. We define badly approximable vectors on a rational quadratic variety and show that sets of these vectors, which…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-10-31 Jimmy Tseng

Least-mean squares (LMS) solvers such as Linear / Ridge / Lasso-Regression, SVD and Elastic-Net not only solve fundamental machine learning problems, but are also the building blocks in a variety of other methods, such as decision trees and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Alaa Maalouf , Ibrahim Jubran , Dan Feldman

We take a first small step to extend the validity of Rudelson-Vershynin type estimates to some sparse random matrices, here random permutation matrices. We give lower (and upper) bounds on the smallest singular value of a large random…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-16 Gérard Ben Arous , Kim Dang

Resolvent average and weighted \(\mathcal{A}\sharp \mathcal{H}\)-mean have been defined recently for positive definite matrices. Since the class of accretive matrices provides a general framework for addressing certain known results on…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Alemeh Sheikhhosseini , Eman Aldabbas , Mohammad Sababheh

The universal adjacency matrix $U$ of a graph $\Gamma$, with adjacency matrix $A$, is a linear combination of $A$, the diagonal matrix $D$ of vertex degrees, the identity matrix $I$, and the all-1 matrix $J$ with real coefficients, that is,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-11 C. Dalfó , M. A. Fiol , S. Pavlíková , J. Širáň

Consider a measure $\mu_\lambda = \sum_x \xi_x \delta_x$ where the sum is over points $x$ of a Poisson point process of intensity $\lambda$ on a bounded region in $d$-space, and $\xi_x$ is a functional determined by the Poisson points near…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-05 Mathew D. Penrose , Andrew R. Wade

We observe that the $2$-norm distance $d_{U,2}$ between the unitary orbits of normal elements in a $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor $\mathcal{M}$ is equal to the $2$-Wasserstein distance between the spectral measures induced by the trace…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Bhishan Jacelon

Due to their importance in both data analysis and numerical algorithms, low rank approximations have recently been widely studied. They enable the handling of very large matrices. Tight error bounds for the computationally efficient…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-06 Frank de Hoog , Markus Hegland

Let $\textrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})$ be the set of $2 \times 2$ matrices with real entries. For any $\varepsilon>0$ and any finitely--supported probability measure $\mu$ on $\textrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})$, we prove that either \[ T(\mu) = \sum_{X,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Akshat Mudgal