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Among all forms of routine human activity, the one which produces the strongest gravity-gradient noise in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors (e.g. LIGO) is the beginning and end of weight transfer from one foot to the other during…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Kip S. Thorne , Carolee J. Winstein

This paper presents a novel method for laser frequency stabilisation in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission by locking a laser to two stable length references - the arms of the interferometer and an on-board optical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-06 Jobin Thomas Valliyakalayil , Andrew J. H. Sutton , Robert E. Spero , Daniel A. Shaddock , Kirk McKenzie

Modern gravitational-wave observatories require robust low-frequency active seismic isolation in order to keep the interferometer at its ideal operating conditions. Seismometers are used to measure both the motion of the ground and isolated…

Three-mode parametric instability is a threat to attaining design power levels in Advanced gravitational wave detectors. The first observation of three-mode parametric instability in a long optical cavity revealed that instabilities could…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-06-21 Y. B. Ma , J. Liu , Y. Q. Ma , C. Zhao , L. Ju , D. G. Blair , Z. H. Zhu

The sensitivity of next-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as Advanced LIGO and LCGT should be limited mostly by quantum noise with an expected technical progress to reduce seismic noise and thermal noise. Those detectors will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 K. Somiya , Y. Chen , S. Kawamura , N. Mio

LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, has been designed and constructed to measure gravitational wave strain via differential arm length. The LIGO 4-km Michelson arms with Fabry-Perot cavities have auxiliary length…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-28 Grant David Meadors , Keita Kawabe , Keith Riles

Quantum noise limits the sensitivity of precision measurement devices, such as laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatories and axion detectors. In the shot-noise-limited regime, these resonant detectors are subject to a trade-off…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Xiang Li , Jiri Smetana , Amit Singh Ubhi , Joe Bentley , Yanbei Chen , Yiqiu Ma , Haixing Miao , Denis Martynov

Suitable shaping (in particular, flattening and broadening) of the laser beam has recently been proposed as an effective device to reduce internal (mirror) thermal noise in advanced gravitational wave interferometric detectors. Based on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Vincenzo Pierro , Vincenzo Galdi , Giuseppe Castaldi , Innocenzo M. Pinto , Juri Agresti , Riccardo DeSalvo

At its lowest frequencies, LIGO is limited by noise in its many degrees of freedom of suspended optics, which, in turn, introduce noise in the interferometer through their feedback control systems. Nonlinear interactions are a dominant…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-05 Ian A. O. MacMillan , Lee P. McCuller

Interferometric gravitational wave detectors are devoted to pick up the effect induced on masses by gravitational waves. The variations of the length dividing two mirrors is measured through a laser interferometric technique. The Brownian…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Giseppe Curci , Erika D'Ambrosio

Nearly a century after Einstein first predicted the existence of gravitational waves, a global network of earth-based gravitational wave observatories is seeking to directly detect this faint radiation using precision laser interferometry.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-02 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration

Using a quantum mechanical approach, we show that in a gravitational-wave interferometer composed of arm cavities and a signal recycling cavity, e.g., the LIGO-II configuration, the radiation-pressure force acting on the mirrors not only…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Alessandra Buonanno , Yanbei Chen

Quantum fluctuations in the phase and amplitude quadratures of light set limitations on the sensitivity of modern optical instruments. The sensitivity of the interferometric gravitational wave detectors, such as the Advanced Laser…

Optics · Physics 2017-04-26 D. V. Martynov , V. V. Frolov , S. Kandhasamy , K. Izumi , H. Miao , N. Mavalvala , E. D. Hall , R. Lanza , B. P. Abbott , R. Abbott , T. D. Abbott , C. Adams , R. X. Adhikari , S. B. Anderson , A. Ananyeva , S. Appert , K. Arai , S. M. Aston , S. W. Ballmer , D. Barker , B. Barr , L. Barsotti , J. Bartlett , I. Bartos , J. C. Batch , A. S. Bell , J. Betzwieser , G. Billingsley , J. Birch , S. Biscans , C. Biwer , C. D. Blair , R. Bork , A. F. Brooks , G. Ciani , F. Clara , S. T. Countryman , M. J. Cowart , D. C. Coyne , A. Cumming , L. Cunningham , K. Danzmann , C. F. Da Silva Costa , E. J. Daw , D. DeBra , R. T. DeRosa , R. DeSalvo , K. L. Dooley , S. Doravari , J. C. Driggers , S. E. Dwyer , A. Effler , T. Etzel , M. Evans , T. M. Evans , M. Factourovich , H. Fair , A. Fernández Galiana , R. P. Fisher , P. Fritschel , P. Fulda , M. Fyffe , J. A. Giaime , K. D. Giardina , E. Goetz , R. Goetz , S. Gras , C. Gray , H. Grote , K. E. Gushwa , E. K. Gustafson , R. Gustafson , G. Hammond , J. Hanks , J. Hanson , T. Hardwick , G. M. Harry , M. C. Heintze , A. W. Heptonstall , J. Hough , R. Jones , S. Karki , M. Kasprzack , S. Kaufer , K. Kawabe , N. Kijbunchoo , E. J. King , P. J. King , J. S. Kissel , W. Z. Korth , G. Kuehn , M. Landry , B. Lantz , N. A. Lockerbie , M. Lormand , A. P. Lundgren , M. MacInnis , D. M. Macleod , S. Márka , Z. Márka , A. S. Markosyan , E. Maros , I. W. Martin , K. Mason , T. J. Massinger , F. Matichard , R. McCarthy , D. E. McClelland , S. McCormick , G. McIntyre , J. McIver , G. Mendell , E. L. Merilh , P. M. Meyers , J. Miller , R. Mittleman , G. Moreno , G. Mueller , A. Mullavey , J. Munch , L. K. Nuttall , J. Oberling , P. Oppermann , Richard J. Oram , B. O'Reilly , D. J. Ottaway , H. Overmier , J. R. Palamos , H. R. Paris , W. Parker , A. Pele , S. Penn , M. Phelps , V. Pierro , I. Pinto , M. Principe , L. G. Prokhorov , O. Puncken , V. Quetschke , E. A. Quintero , F. J. Raab , H. Radkins , P. Raffai , S. Reid , D. H. Reitze , N. A. Robertson , J. G. Rollins , V. J. Roma , J. H. Romie , S. Rowan , K. Ryan , T. Sadecki , E. J. Sanchez , V. Sandberg , R. L. Savage , R. M. S. Schofield , D. Sellers , D. A. Shaddock , T. J. Shaffer , B. Shapiro , P. Shawhan , D. H. Shoemaker , D. Sigg , B. J. J. Slagmolen , B. Smith , J. R. Smith , B. Sorazu , A. Staley , K. A. Strain , D. B. Tanner , R. Taylor , M. Thomas , P. Thomas , K. A. Thorne , E. Thrane , C. I. Torrie , G. Traylor , G. Vajente , G. Valdes , A. A. van Veggel , A. Vecchio , P. J. Veitch , K. Venkateswara , T. Vo , C. Vorvick , M. Walker , R. L. Ward , J. Warner , B. Weaver , R. Weiss , P. Weßels , B. Willke , C. C. Wipf , J. Worden , G. Wu , H. Yamamoto , C. C. Yancey , Hang Yu , Haocun Yu , L. Zhang , M. E. Zucker , J. Zweizig

Optical rigidity in aLIGO gravitational-wave detector, operated on dark port regime, is unstable. We show that the same interferometer with excluded symmetric mechanical mode but with unbalanced arms allows to get stable optical spring for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-02 Nikita Vostrosablin , Sergey Vyatchanin

Laser frequency noise is a dominant noise background for the detection of gravitational waves using long-baseline optical interferometry. Amelioration of this noise requires near simultaneous strain measurements on more than one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-30 Peter W. Graham , Jason M. Hogan , Mark A. Kasevich , Surjeet Rajendran

Parametric Instability (PI) is a phenomenon that results from resonant interactions between optical and acoustic modes of a laser cavity. This is problematic in gravitational wave interferometers where the high intra-cavity power and low…

Seismic noise will be the dominant source of noise at low frequencies for ground based gravitational wave detectors, such as LIGO now under construction. Future interferometers installed at LIGO plan to use at least a double pendulum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Mark A. Beilby , Gabriela Gonzalez , Michelle Duffy , Amber Stuver , Jennifer Poker

Data quality assessment plays an essential role in the quest to detect gravitational wave signals in data from the LIGO and Virgo interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Interferometer data contains a high rate of noise transients…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-15 Jessica McIver

The detectors of the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) are broadly limited by the quantum noise and rely on the injection of squeezed states of light to achieve their full sensitivity. Squeezing improvement is…

Interferometers with kilometer-scale arms have been built for gravitational-wave detections on the ground; ones with much longer arms are being planned for space-based detection. One fundamental motivation for long baseline interferometry…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-06 Kentaro Somiya , Keisuke Goda , Yanbei Chen , Eugeniy E. Mikhailov