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Reinforcement learning (RL) in discrete action space is ubiquitous in real-world applications, but its complexity grows exponentially with the action-space dimension, making it challenging to apply existing on-policy gradient based deep RL…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-24 Yuguang Yue , Yunhao Tang , Mingzhang Yin , Mingyuan Zhou

We propose an actor-critic, model-free, and online Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework for continuous-state continuous-action Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) when the reward is highly sparse but encompasses a high-level temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Lim Zun Yuan , Mohammadhosein Hasanbeig , Alessandro Abate , Daniel Kroening

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has received significant interest in recent years notably due to the advancements made in deep reinforcement learning which have allowed for the developments of new architectures and learning algorithms.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Nicolas Anastassacos , Mirco Musolesi

During initial iterations of training in most Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms, agents perform a significant number of random exploratory steps. In the real world, this can limit the practicality of these algorithms as it can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ashish Kumar Jayant , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Text-based games are a popular testbed for language-based reinforcement learning (RL). In previous work, deep Q-learning is commonly used as the learning agent. Q-learning algorithms are challenging to apply to complex real-world domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Weichen Li , Rati Devidze , Sophie Fellenz

Training agents to act competently in complex 3D environments from high-dimensional visual information is challenging. Reinforcement learning is conventionally used to train such agents, but requires a carefully designed reward function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Adam Jelley , Yuhan Cao , Dave Bignell , Amos Storkey , Sam Devlin , Tabish Rashid

Research in developmental psychology consistently shows that children explore the world thoroughly and efficiently and that this exploration allows them to learn. In turn, this early learning supports more robust generalization and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Eliza Kosoy , Jasmine Collins , David M. Chan , Sandy Huang , Deepak Pathak , Pulkit Agrawal , John Canny , Alison Gopnik , Jessica B. Hamrick

This paper explores the application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to the two-dimensional rectangular packing problem. We propose a reduced representation of the state and action spaces that allow us for high granularity. Leveraging UNet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Waldemar Kołodziejczyk , Mariusz Kaleta

Reinforcement learning (RL) studies how an agent comes to achieve reward in an environment through interactions over time. Recent advances in machine RL have surpassed human expertise at the world's oldest board games and many classic video…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Pedro A. Tsividis , Joao Loula , Jake Burga , Nathan Foss , Andres Campero , Thomas Pouncy , Samuel J. Gershman , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Muscle-actuated organisms are capable of learning an unparalleled diversity of dexterous movements despite their vast amount of muscles. Reinforcement learning (RL) on large musculoskeletal models, however, has not been able to show similar…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Pierre Schumacher , Daniel Häufle , Dieter Büchler , Syn Schmitt , Georg Martius

Reinforcement learning is applied to solve actual complex tasks from high-dimensional, sensory inputs. The last decade has developed a long list of reinforcement learning algorithms. Recent progress benefits from deep learning for raw…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Yanfei Xiang , Xin Wang , Shu Hu , Bin Zhu , Xiaomeng Huang , Xi Wu , Siwei Lyu

Animals and robots exist in a physical world and must coordinate their bodies to achieve behavioral objectives. With recent developments in deep reinforcement learning, it is now possible for scientists and engineers to obtain sensorimotor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yusheng Jiao , Feng Ling , Sina Heydari , Nicolas Heess , Josh Merel , Eva Kanso

To overcome the sim-to-real gap in reinforcement learning (RL), learned policies must maintain robustness against environmental uncertainties. While robust RL has been widely studied in single-agent regimes, in multi-agent environments, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Laixi Shi , Eric Mazumdar , Yuejie Chi , Adam Wierman

The objective of this study is to design and implement a reinforcement learning (RL) environment using D\&D 5E combat scenarios to challenge smaller RL agents through interaction with a robust adversarial agent controlled by advanced Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Joseph Emmanuel DL Dayo , Michel Onasis S. Ogbinar , Prospero C. Naval

The growing number of applications of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in real-world domains has led to the development of privacy-preserving techniques due to the inherently sensitive nature of data. Most existing works focus on differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Alberto Jesu , Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Alessandro Staffolani , Rebecca Montanari , Mirco Musolesi

Driven by inherent uncertainty and the sim-to-real gap, robust reinforcement learning (RL) seeks to improve resilience against the complexity and variability in agent-environment sequential interactions. Despite the existence of a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Shangding Gu , Laixi Shi , Muning Wen , Ming Jin , Eric Mazumdar , Yuejie Chi , Adam Wierman , Costas Spanos

For over a decade now, robotics and the use of artificial agents have become a common thing.Testing the performance of new path finding or search space optimization algorithms has also become a challenge as they require simulation or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Jerin Paul Selvan , Pravin S. Game

One of the most challenging aspects of real-world reinforcement learning (RL) is the multitude of unpredictable and ever-changing distractions that could divert an agent from what was tasked to do in its training environment. While an agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Cristian Bodnar , Karol Hausman , Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Rico Jonschkowski

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is one of the most dynamic research areas in Game AI and AI as a whole, and a wide variety of games are used as its prominent test problems. However, it is subject to the replicability crisis that currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Matthias Müller-Brockhausen , Aske Plaat , Mike Preuss

Progress in deep reinforcement learning (RL) is heavily driven by the availability of challenging benchmarks used for training agents. However, benchmarks that are widely adopted by the community are not explicitly designed for evaluating…