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Multi-hop reasoning (i.e., reasoning across two or more documents) is a key ingredient for NLP models that leverage large corpora to exhibit broad knowledge. To retrieve evidence passages, multi-hop models must contend with a fast-growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Omar Khattab , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia

Building training-ready multi-hop question answering (QA) datasets that truly stress a model's retrieval and reasoning abilities remains highly challenging recently. While there have been a few recent evaluation datasets that capture the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Bingsen Qiu , Zijian Liu , Xiao Liu , Bingjie Wang , Feier Zhang , Yixuan Qin , Chunyan Li , Haoshen Yang , Zeren Gao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated strong performance in single-hop question answering (QA) by integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs). However, its effectiveness remains limited in multi-hop QA,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ningning Zhang , Chi Zhang , Zhizhong Tan , Xingxing Yang , Weiping Deng , Wenyong Wang

Multi-hop inference is necessary for machine learning systems to successfully solve tasks such as Recognising Textual Entailment and Machine Reading. In this work, we demonstrate the effectiveness of adaptive computation for learning the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Mark Neumann , Pontus Stenetorp , Sebastian Riedel

Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) tasks permeate real-world applications, posing challenges in orchestrating multi-step reasoning across diverse knowledge domains. While existing approaches have been improved with iterative retrieval,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rong Cheng , Jinyi Liu , Yan Zheng , Fei Ni , Jiazhen Du , Hangyu Mao , Fuzheng Zhang , Bo Wang , Jianye Hao

The problem of Information Retrieval is, given a set of documents D and a query q, providing an algorithm for retrieving all documents in D relevant to q. However, retrieval should depend and be updated whenever the user is able to provide…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gianni Amati , Konstantinos Georgatos

Large language models augmented with task-relevant documents have demonstrated impressive performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, regarding how to obtain effective documents, the existing methods are mainly divided into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyin Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Dezhi Zhao , Maojin Yang , Bing Qin

Multi-hop reasoning over financial disclosures is often a retrieval problem before it becomes a reasoning or generation problem: relevant facts are dispersed across sections, filings, companies, and years, and LLMs often expend excessive…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-06 Abhinav Arun , Reetu Raj Harsh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

Multimodal Multi-hop question answering requires integrating information from diverse sources, such as images and texts, to derive answers. Existing methods typically rely on sequential retrieval and reasoning, where each step builds on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yiheng Hu , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Qian Fu , Wenjie Zhang , Liming Zhu

In the question answering(QA) task, multi-hop reasoning framework has been extensively studied in recent years to perform more efficient and interpretable answer reasoning on the Knowledge Graph(KG). However, multi-hop reasoning is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yao Zhang , Peiyao Li , Hongru Liang , Adam Jatowt , Zhenglu Yang

Multi-hop question answering is widely used to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it requires integrating multiple pieces of supporting knowledge to arrive at a correct answer. While prior work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhuoyi Yang , Yurun Song , Iftekhar Ahmed , Ian Harris

Question-answering (QA) that comes naturally to humans is a critical component in seamless human-computer interaction. It has emerged as one of the most convenient and natural methods to interact with the web and is especially desirable in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Deepak Gupta

Accurately answering complex questions has consistently been a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). To address this, this paper proposes a multi-hop question decomposition method for complex questions, building upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zucheng Liang , Wenxin Wei , Kaijie Zhang , Hongyi Chen

Information Retrieval (IR) aims at retrieving documents that are most relevant to a query provided by a user. Traditional techniques rely mostly on syntactic methods. In some cases, however, links at a deeper semantic level must be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Marcello Balduccini , Emily LeBlanc

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often struggle with imperfect retrieval, as traditional retrievers focus on lexical or semantic similarity rather than logical relevance. To address this, we propose \textbf{HopRAG}, a novel RAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hao Liu , Zhengren Wang , Xi Chen , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Qinhan Yu , Wentao Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated significant effectiveness in enhancing large language models (LLMs) for complex multi-hop question answering (QA). For multi-hop QA tasks, current iterative approaches predominantly rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yuling Shi , Maolin Sun , Zijun Liu , Mo Yang , Yixiong Fang , Tianran Sun , Xiaodong Gu

We introduce a novel retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework tailored for multihop question answering. First, our system uses large language model (LLM) to decompose complex multihop questions into a sequence of single-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Seokgi Lee

Knowledge in the real world is being updated constantly. However, it is costly to frequently update large language models (LLMs). Therefore, it is crucial for LLMs to understand the concept of temporal knowledge. However, prior works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Qingyu Tan , Hwee Tou Ng , Lidong Bing

We propose an unsupervised strategy for the selection of justification sentences for multi-hop question answering (QA) that (a) maximizes the relevance of the selected sentences, (b) minimizes the overlap between the selected facts, and (c)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Vikas Yadav , Steven Bethard , Mihai Surdeanu

It is challenging for current one-step retrieve-and-read question answering (QA) systems to answer questions like "Which novel by the author of 'Armada' will be adapted as a feature film by Steven Spielberg?" because the question seldom…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Peng Qi , Xiaowen Lin , Leo Mehr , Zijian Wang , Christopher D. Manning
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