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Related papers: Chromosome Compaction and Chromatin Stiffness Enha…

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Magnetic tweezers are used to study the mechanical response under torsion of single nucleosome arrays reconstituted on tandem repeats of 5S positioning sequences. Regular arrays are extremely resilient and can reversibly accommodate a large…

The rotational Brownian motion of colloidal spheres in dense suspensions reflects local hydrodynamics and friction, both key to non-linear rheological phenomena such as shear-thickening and jamming, and transport in crowded environments,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-23 Taiki Yanagishima , Yanyan Liu , Hajime Tanaka , Roel Dullens

In this work we examine how volume exclusion caused by regions of high chromatin density might influence the time required for proteins to find specific DNA binding sites. The spatial variation of chromatin density within mouse olfactory…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2013-08-21 Samuel A. Isaacson , Carolyn A. Larabell , Mark A. Le Gros , David M. McQueen , Charles S. Peskin

Depletion forces play a role in the compaction and de-compation of chromosomal material in simple cells but it remains debatable whether they are sufficient to account for chromosomal collapse. We present coarse-grained molecular dynamics…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-22 Tyler N. Shendruk , Martin Bertrand , Hendrick W. de Haan , James L. Harden , Gary W. Slater

Recent progress has been made in the understanding of the physical properties of chromatin -- the dense complex of DNA and histone proteins that occupies the nuclei of plant and animal cells. Here I will focus on the two lowest levels of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Helmut Schiessel

Understanding chromatin organization and dynamics is important since they crucially affect DNA functions. In this study, we investigate chromatin dynamics by statistically analyzing single-nucleosome movement in living human cells. Bi-modal…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-10-12 S. S. Ashwin , Tadasu Nozaki , Kazuhiro Maeshima , Masaki Sasai

While the structure of chromatin has been studied in great detail on length scales below 30 nm, amazingly little is known about the higher-order folding motifs of chromatin in interphase. Recent experiments give evidence that the folding…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-02-16 Manfred Bohn , Dieter W. Heermann , Roel van Driel

The three-dimensional organisation of chromosomes can be probed using methods such as Capture-C. However it is unclear how such population level data relates to the organisation within a single cell, and the mechanisms leading to the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-01-13 Chris A Brackley , Jill M Brown , Dominic Waithe , Christian Babbs , James Davies , Jim R Hughes , Veronica J Buckle , Davide Marenduzzo

DNA loop extrusion is arguably one of the most important players in genome organization. The precise mechanism by which loop extruding factors (LEFs) work is still unresolved and much debated. One of the major open questions in this field…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-09-18 Andrea Bonato , Jae-Won Jang , Kyoung-Wook Moon , Davide Michieletto , Je-Kyung Ryu

We introduce a simulation strategy to consistently couple continuum biomembrane dynamics to the motion of discrete biological macromolecules residing within or on the membrane. The methodology is used to study the diffusion of integral…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-05-26 Ali Naji , Paul J. Atzberger , Frank L. H. Brown

Monte Carlo simulations of coarse-grained polymers provide a useful tool to deepen the understanding of conformational and statistical properties of polymers both in physical as well as in biological systems. In this study we sample compact…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-05-07 Manfred Bohn , Dieter W. Heermann

Epigenetics plays a key role in cellular differentiation and maintaining cell identity, enabling cells to regulate their genetic activity without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation occurs within the context of hierarchically…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-11 Daria Stepanova , Meritxell Brunet Guasch , Helen M. Byrne , Tomás Alarcón

Inspired by recent experiments on chromosomal dynamics, we introduce an exactly solvable model for the interaction between a flexible polymer and a set of motor-like enzymes. The enzymes can bind and unbind to specific sites of the polymer…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-04-03 Stefanie Put , Takahiro Sakaue , Carlo Vanderzande

The three dimensional structure of DNA in the nucleus (chromatin) plays an important role in many cellular processes. Recent experimental advances have led to high-throughput methods of capturing information about chromatin conformation on…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2015-11-05 Kevin Emmett , Benjamin Schweinhart , Raul Rabadan

The cell nucleus houses the chromosomes, which are linked to a soft shell of lamin filaments. Experiments indicate that correlated chromosome dynamics and nuclear shape fluctuations arise from motor activity. To identify the physical…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-21 Kuang Liu , Alison E. Patteson , Edward J. Banigan , J. M. Schwarz

The lifetime of moving metallic components is often limited by accelerated oxidation. Yet, the mechanisms and pathways for oxidation during tribological loading are not well understood. Using copper as a model system, tribologically-induced…

Polymer physics models suggest that chromatin spontaneously folds into loop networks with transcription units (TUs), such as enhancers and promoters, as anchors. Here we use combinatoric arguments to enumerate the emergent chromatin loop…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Andrea Bonato , Dom Corbett , Sergey Kitaev , Davide Marenduzzo , Alexander Morozov , Enzo Orlandini

In the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged through several levels of compaction in an orderly retrievable way that enables the correct regulation of gene expression. The functional dynamics of this assembly involves the unwinding of…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Maria Barbi , Julien Mozziconacci , Jean-Marc Victor

Tethered particle experiments use light microscopy to measure the position of a micrometer-sized bead tethered to a microscope slide via a ~micrometer length polymer, in order to infer the behavior of the invisible polymer. Currently, this…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 John F. Beausang , Chiara Zurla , Carlo Manzo , David Dunlap , Laura Finzi , Philip C. Nelson

We consider two complementary polymer strands of length $L$ attached by a common end monomer. The two strands bind through complementary monomers and at low temperatures form a double stranded conformation (zipping), while at high…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-19 Jean-Charles Walter , Alessandro Ferrantini , Enrico Carlon , Carlo Vanderzande