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A communication theory for a transmitter broadcasting to many receivers is presented. In this case energetic considerations cannot be neglected as in Shannon theory. It is shown that, when energy is assigned to the information bit,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Oded Kafri

In the recent progress in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, information has been recognized as a kind of thermodynamic resource that can drive thermodynamic current without any direct energy injection. In this paper, we establish the framework…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-22 Shumpei Yamamoto , Sosuke Ito , Naoto Shiraishi , Takahiro Sagawa

We consider how the energy cost of bit reset scales with the time duration of the protocol. Bit reset necessarily takes place in finite time, where there is an extra penalty on top of the quasistatic work cost derived by Landauer. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-23 Yi-Zheng Zhen , Dario Egloff , Kavan Modi , Oscar Dahlsten

In thermodynamics one considers thermal systems and the maximization of entropy subject to the conservation of energy. A consequence is Landauer's erasure principle, which states that the erasure of 1 bit of information requires a minimum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-19 Stephen M. Barnett , Joan A. Vaccaro

We propose one of the very few constructive consequences of the second law of thermodynamics. More specifically, we present protocols for secret-key establishment and multiparty computation the security of which is based fundamentally on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-06 Xavier Coiteux-Roy , Stefan Wolf

The minimum heat cost of computation is subject to bounds arising from Landauer's principle. Here, I derive bounds on finite modelling -- the production or anticipation of patterns (time-series data) -- by devices that model the pattern in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-21 Andrew J. P. Garner

We propose a duality between thermodynamics and computational complexity, elevating the difficulty of a computational task to the status of a thermodynamic variable. By introducing a complexity measure C as a novel coordinate, we formulate…

General Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Florian Neukart , Valerii Vinokur

Physical instantiations of a bit of information are subject to thermal noise that can trigger unintended bit-flip errors. Bits implemented with CMOS technology typically operate in regimes that reliably suppress these errors with a large…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-06 Cathryn Murphy , Schuyler Nicholson , Nahuel Freitas , Emanuele Penocchio , Todd Gingrich

Overdamped stochastic systems maintained far from equilibrium can display sustained oscillations with fluctuations that decrease with the system size. The correlation time of such noisy limit cycles expressed in units of the cycle period is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-31 Davide Santolin , Gianmaria Falasco

We present a fluctuation theorem for quantum bipartite systems in which the subsystems exchange information with each other. Our information fluctuation theorem includes correlations by introducing a quantum mechanical mutual information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Jung Jun Park , Sang Wook Kim , Vlatko Vedral

The problem of determining lower bounds for the energy cost of a given nanoscale design is addressed via a complexity theory-based approach. This paper provides a theoretical framework that is able to assess the trade-offs existing in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Diana Marculescu

The erasure of information is fundamentally an irreversible logical operation, carrying profound consequences for the energetics of computation and information processing. We investigate the thermodynamic costs associated with erasing (and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Himanshu Badhani , Dhanuja GS , Swati Choudhary , Vishal Anand , Siddhartha Das

Making decisions freely presupposes that there is some indeterminacy in the environment and in the decision making engine. The former is reflected on the behavioral changes due to communicating: few changes indicate rigid environments;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Luis A. Pineda

Random constraint satisfaction problems can display a very rich structure in the space of solutions, with often an ergodicity breaking -- also known as clustering or dynamical -- transition preceding the satisfiability threshold when the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-29 Angelo Giorgio Cavaliere , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

Active matter generates order or patterns through nonequilibrium dynamics. An open research challenge is to determine how efficiently a nonequilibrium self-organising system can convert consumed energy into macroscopic order. We study an…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-05-07 Qianyang Chen , Mikhail Prokopenko

Recent analyses have calculated the minimal thermodynamic work required to perform a computation pi when two conditions hold: the output of pi is independent of its input (e.g., as in bit erasure); we use a physical computer C to implement…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-11-26 David H. Wolpert

Thermoelectric efficiency is defined as the ratio of power delivered to the load of a device to the rate of heat flow from the source. Till date, it has been studied in presence of thermodynamic constraints set by the Onsager reciprocal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-12-17 Hangbo Zhou , Juzar Thingna , Peter Hänggi , Jian-Sheng Wang , Baowen Li

The performance, reliability, cost, size and energy usage of computing systems can be improved by one or more orders of magnitude by the systematic use of modern control and optimization methods. Computing systems rely on the use of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-13 Eric C. Kerrigan

It is generally accepted, following Landauer and Bennett, that the process of measurement involves no minimum entropy cost, but the erasure of information in resetting the memory register of a computer to zero requires dissipating heat into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Bub

We generalize stochastic thermodynamics to include information reservoirs. Such information reservoirs, which can be modeled as a sequence of bits, modify the second law. For example, work extraction from a system in contact with a single…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-11-17 Andre C. Barato , Udo Seifert