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Related papers: Probing the Information Encoded in X-vectors

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In this paper, we refine and validate our method for training speaker embedding extractors using weak annotations. More specifically, we use only the audio stream of the source VoxCeleb videos and the names of the celebrities without…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Sara Barahona , Ladislav Mošner , Themos Stafylakis , Oldřich Plchot , Junyi Peng , Lukáš Burget , Jan Černocký

Speaker recognition performance has been greatly improved with the emergence of deep learning. Deep neural networks show the capacity to effectively deal with impacts of noise and reverberation, making them attractive to far-field speaker…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-28 Wenda Chen , Jonathan Huang , Tobias Bocklet

The explosion of available speech data and new speaker modeling methods based on deep neural networks (DNN) have given the ability to develop more robust speaker recognition systems. Among DNN speaker modelling techniques, x-vector system…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Mohammad Mohammadamini , Driss Matrouf

In the highly constrained context of low-resource language studies, we explore vector representations of speech from a pretrained model to determine their level of abstraction with regard to the audio signal. We propose a new unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Maxime Fily , Guillaume Wisniewski , Severine Guillaume , Gilles Adda , Alexis Michaud

Analyses of transformer-based models have shown that they encode a variety of linguistic information from their textual input. While these analyses have shed a light on the relation between linguistic information on one side, and internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Vivi Nastase , Paola Merlo

Speaker recognition deals with recognizing speakers by their speech. Most speaker recognition systems are built upon two stages, the first stage extracts low dimensional correlation embeddings from speech, and the second performs the…

Modern speaker recognition systems represent utterances by embedding vectors. Conventional embedding vectors are dense and non-structural. In this paper, we propose an ordered binary embedding approach that sorts the dimensions of the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Jiaying Wang , Xianglong Wang , Namin Wang , Lantian Li , Dong Wang

While Word2Vec represents words (in text) as vectors carrying semantic information, audio Word2Vec was shown to be able to represent signal segments of spoken words as vectors carrying phonetic structure information. Audio Word2Vec can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Yu-Hsuan Wang , Hung-yi Lee , Lin-shan Lee

Pre-trained word vectors are ubiquitous in Natural Language Processing applications. In this paper, we show how training word embeddings jointly with bigram and even trigram embeddings, results in improved unigram embeddings. We claim that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Prakhar Gupta , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi

Incremental improvements in accuracy of Convolutional Neural Networks are usually achieved through use of deeper and more complex models trained on larger datasets. However, enlarging dataset and models increases the computation and storage…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-24 Mahdi Hajibabaei , Dengxin Dai

Speech encodes multiple simultaneous attributes -- linguistic content, speaker identity, dialect, gender --that conventional single-vector embeddings conflate. We present a factor-partitioned embedding framework that maps each utterance…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Jim O'Regan , Jens Edlund

In this paper, we propose an effective training strategy to ex-tract robust speaker representations from a speech signal. Oneof the key challenges in speaker recognition tasks is to learnlatent representations or embeddings containing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-05 Yoohwan Kwon , Soo-Whan Chung , Hong-Goo Kang

There is a lot of research interest in encoding variable length sentences into fixed length vectors, in a way that preserves the sentence meanings. Two common methods include representations based on averaging word vectors, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Yossi Adi , Einat Kermany , Yonatan Belinkov , Ofer Lavi , Yoav Goldberg

While promising performance for speaker verification has been achieved by deep speaker embeddings, the advantage would reduce in the case of speaking-style variability. Speaking rate mismatch is often observed in practical speaker…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-31 Fuchuan Tong , Siqi Zheng , Haodong Zhou , Xingjia Xie , Qingyang Hong , Lin Li

Data augmentation is commonly used for generating additional data from the available training data to achieve a robust estimation of the parameters of complex models like the one for speaker verification (SV), especially for under-resourced…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-29 Achintya Kumar Sarkar , Himangshu Sarma , Priyanka Dwivedi , Zheng-Hua Tan

This study investigates the explainability of embedding representations, specifically those used in modern audio spoofing detection systems based on deep neural networks, known as spoof embeddings. Building on established work in speaker…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xuechen Liu , Junichi Yamagishi , Md Sahidullah , Tomi kinnunen

We propose spoken sentence embeddings which capture both acoustic and linguistic content. While existing works operate at the character, phoneme, or word level, our method learns long-term dependencies by modeling speech at the sentence…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Albert Haque , Michelle Guo , Prateek Verma , Li Fei-Fei

Recent breakthroughs in deep learning often rely on representation learning and knowledge transfer. In recent years, unsupervised and self-supervised techniques for learning speech representation were developed to foster automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Pierre Beckmann , Mikolaj Kegler , Milos Cernak

Data augmentation is conventionally used to inject robustness in Speaker Verification systems. Several recently organized challenges focus on handling novel acoustic environments. Deep learning based speech enhancement is a modern solution…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-29 Saurabh Kataria , Phani Sankar Nidadavolu , Jesús Villalba , Najim Dehak

Sentence and word embeddings encode structural and semantic information in a distributed manner. Part of the information encoded -- particularly lexical information -- can be seen as continuous, whereas other -- like structural information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Vivi Nastase , Paola Merlo