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A key limitation in current datasets for multi-hop reasoning is that the required steps for answering the question are mentioned in it explicitly. In this work, we introduce StrategyQA, a question answering (QA) benchmark where the required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Mor Geva , Daniel Khashabi , Elad Segal , Tushar Khot , Dan Roth , Jonathan Berant

Manually curated biomedical repositories -- spanning bioactivity, genomics, and chemistry -- are expensive to maintain, lag behind primary literature, and discard experimental context, obscuring nuances needed to assess data correctness and…

We describe a Question Answering (QA) dataset that contains complex questions with conditional answers, i.e. the answers are only applicable when certain conditions apply. We call this dataset ConditionalQA. In addition to conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

We present CovidQA, the beginnings of a question answering dataset specifically designed for COVID-19, built by hand from knowledge gathered from Kaggle's COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge. To our knowledge, this is the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Raphael Tang , Rodrigo Nogueira , Edwin Zhang , Nikhil Gupta , Phuong Cam , Kyunghyun Cho , Jimmy Lin

Pursuing artificial intelligence for biomedical science, a.k.a. AI Scientist, draws increasing attention, where one common approach is to build a copilot agent driven by Large Language Models (LLMs). However, to evaluate such systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xinna Lin , Siqi Ma , Junjie Shan , Xiaojing Zhang , Shell Xu Hu , Tiannan Guo , Stan Z. Li , Kaicheng Yu

Accurate evaluation of financial question answering (QA) systems necessitates a comprehensive dataset encompassing diverse question types and contexts. However, current financial QA datasets lack scope diversity and question complexity.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jian Chen , Peilin Zhou , Yining Hua , Yingxin Loh , Kehui Chen , Ziyuan Li , Bing Zhu , Junwei Liang

Question Answer (QA) systems for biomedical experiments facilitate cross-disciplinary communication, and serve as a foundation for downstream tasks, e.g., laboratory automation. High Information Density (HID) and Multi-Step Reasoning (MSR)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Haofei Hou , Shunyi Zhao , Fanxu Meng , Kairui Yang , Lecheng Ruan , Qining Wang

In recent years, there is strong emphasis on mining medical data using machine learning techniques. A common problem is to obtain a noiseless set of textual documents, with a relevant content for the research question, and developing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Christian Internò , Eloisa Ambrosini

Humans gather information by engaging in conversations involving a series of interconnected questions and answers. For machines to assist in information gathering, it is therefore essential to enable them to answer conversational questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Siva Reddy , Danqi Chen , Christopher D. Manning

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

We propose a novel methodology to generate domain-specific large-scale question answering (QA) datasets by re-purposing existing annotations for other NLP tasks. We demonstrate an instance of this methodology in generating a large-scale QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Anusri Pampari , Preethi Raghavan , Jennifer Liang , Jian Peng

Question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) has become a popular approach to help users extract information from knowledge bases. Although several systems exist, choosing one suitable for a particular application scenario is difficult.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Khiem Vinh Tran , Hao Phu Phan , Khang Nguyen Duc Quach , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen , Jun Jo , Thanh Tam Nguyen

Question Answering (QA) systems on patient-related data can assist both clinicians and patients. They can, for example, assist clinicians in decision-making and enable patients to have a better understanding of their medical history.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jayetri Bardhan , Kirk Roberts , Daisy Zhe Wang

Open-domain Question Answering models which directly leverage question-answer (QA) pairs, such as closed-book QA (CBQA) models and QA-pair retrievers, show promise in terms of speed and memory compared to conventional models which retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Patrick Lewis , Yuxiang Wu , Linqing Liu , Pasquale Minervini , Heinrich Küttler , Aleksandra Piktus , Pontus Stenetorp , Sebastian Riedel

Extracting relevant information from medical conversations and providing it to doctors and patients might help in addressing doctor burnout and patient forgetfulness. In this paper, we focus on extracting the Medication Regimen (dosage and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Sai P. Selvaraj , Sandeep Konam

Clinical question answering (QA) aims to automatically answer questions from medical professionals based on clinical texts. Studies show that neural QA models trained on one corpus may not generalize well to new clinical texts from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Xiang Yue , Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Ziyu Yao , Simon Lin , Huan Sun

As conversational multimodal AI tools are increasingly adopted to process patient data for health assessment, robust benchmarks are needed to measure progress and expose failure modes under realistic conditions. Despite the importance of…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Gaia A. Bertolino , Yuwei Zhang , Tong Xia , Domenico Talia , Cecilia Mascolo

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has shown great power in improving Large Language Models (LLMs). However, most existing RAG-based LLMs are dedicated to retrieving single modality information, mainly text; while for many real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Saptarshi Sengupta , Shuhua Yang , Paul Kwong Yu , Fali Wang , Suhang Wang

We introduce GQA, a new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering, seeking to address key shortcomings of previous VQA datasets. We have developed a strong and robust question engine that leverages scene…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Drew A. Hudson , Christopher D. Manning

ChatGPT explores a strategic blueprint of question answering (QA) in delivering medical diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and other healthcare support. This is achieved through the increasing incorporation of medical domain data via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Qing Li , Lei Li , Yu Li