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Related papers: Chiral stresses in nematic cell monolayers

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It is increasingly being realized that liquid-crystalline features can play an important role in the properties and dynamics of cell monolayers. Here, we present a cell-based model of cell layers, based on the phase-field formulation, that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-04-28 Aleksandra Ardaševa , Romain Mueller , Amin Doostmohammadi

The transfer of chirality across length-scales is an intriguing and universal natural phenomenon. However, connecting the properties of individual building blocks to the emergent features of their resulting large-scale structure remains a…

How chirality propagates across scales remains an open question in many biological and synthetic systems. An especially clear manifestation of this propagation is found in in vitro gliding assays of cytoskeletal filaments on surfaces,…

Chirality is a feature of many biological systems and much research has been focused on understanding the origin and implications of this property. Famously, sugars and amino acids found in nature are homochiral, i.e., chiral symmetry is…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-28 Ludwig A. Hoffmann , Luca Giomi

Biological organisms often have elongated, flexible structures with some degree of chirality in their bodies or movements. In nature, these organisms frequently take advantage of self-encapsulation mechanisms that create folded…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-10-04 Lorenzo Caprini , Iman Abdoli , Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi , Hartmut Löwen

Monolayers of growing non-motile rod-shaped bacteria act as active nematic materials composed of hard particles rather than the flexible components of other commonly studied active nematics. The organization of these granular monolayers has…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-05-12 Blake Langeslay , Gabriel Juarez

Chirality is an important concept that describes the asymmetry property of a system, which usually emerges spontaneously due to mirror symmetry breaking. Such spontaneous chirality manifests predominantly as parity breaking in modern…

The shear-induced self-organization of active rotors into stripy aggregates is studied by carrying out computational simulations. The rotors, modeled by monolayers of frictional spheres, develop to stripy microstructures only when they…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-19 Zhiyuan Zhao , Boyi Wang , Shigeyuki Komura , Mingcheng Yang , Fangfu Ye , Ryohei Seto

Chirality is a pervasive property of matter that underpins many important phenomena across physics, chemistry and biology. Given its broad significance, the development of protocols for rational control of chirality in solid state systems…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-27 Z. Zeng , M. Först , M. Fechner , X. Deng , A. Cavalleri , P. G. Radaelli

We develop a theory of point defects in cholesterics and textures in spherical droplets with normal anchoring. The local structure of chiral defects is described by singularity theory and a smectic-like gradient field establishing a nexus…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-04-11 Joseph Pollard , Gregor Posnjak , Gareth P. Alexander , Simon Copar , Igor Musevic

Colloidal membranes, self assembled monolayers of aligned rod like molecules, offer a template for designing membranes with definite shapes and curvature, and possibly new functionalities in the future. Often the constituent rods, due to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-07-31 Sk Ashif Akram , Arabinda Behera , Prerna Sharma , Anirban Sain

We study edge fluctuations of a flat colloidal membrane comprised of a monolayer of aligned filamentous viruses. Experiments reveal that a peak in the spectrum of the in-plane edge fluctuations arises for sufficiently strong virus…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-07-05 Leroy L. Jia , Mark J. Zakhary , Zvonimir Dogic , Robert A. Pelcovits , Thomas R. Powers

Various multicellular tissues show chiral morphology. Experimental studies have shown this can originate from cell chirality. However, no theory has been proposed to connect the cellular chiral torque and multicellular chiral morphogenesis.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-01-04 Takaki Yamamoto , Tetsuya Hiraiwa , Tatsuo Shibata

The newly-discovered ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal exhibits a variety of unique defect phenomena. The depolarization field in the material favors spontaneous spatial variations in polarization, manifesting in diverse forms such as…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-17 Maxim O. Lavrentovich , Priyanka Kumari , Oleg D. Lavrentovich

We study in this work the 2D dynamics of an experimental system of disk-shaped rotors, fluidized by turbulent upflow. Contrary to previous knowledge, our experiments show the same particle chiral geometry can produce flows with different…

To understand the relationship between the chirality of individual cells and that of tissues and organisms, we have developed a chiral polarized particle model to investigate the movement of cell populations on substrates. Our model…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 Xi Li , Bin Chen

Moir\'e superstructures arising at twisted 2D interfaces have recently attracted the attention of the scientific community due to exotic quantum states and unique mechanical and tribological behaviors that they exhibit. Here, we predict the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-01-16 Andrea Silva , Xiang Gao , Melisa M. Gianetti , Roberto Guerra , Nicola Manini , Andrea Vanossi , Michael Urbakh , Oded Hod

Many microswimmers are inherently chiral, and this chirality can introduce fascinating behaviors in a collection of microswimmers. The dynamics become even more intriguing when two types of microswimmers with distinct chirality are mixed.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-03 Divya Kushwaha , Shradha Mishra

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically wound nanoscale textures of spins whose ambient stability and electrical manipulation in multilayer films have led to an explosion of research activities. While past efforts focused predominantly on…

In equilibrium liquid crystals, chirality leads to a variety of spectacular three-dimensional structures, but chiral and achiral phases with the same broken continuous symmetries have identical long-time, large-scale dynamics. In this…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-23 S. J. Kole , Gareth P. Alexander , Sriram Ramaswamy , Ananyo Maitra