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There exists one experimental result that cannot be explained by the Standard Model (SM), the current theoretical framework for particle physics: non-zero masses for the neutrinos (elementary particles travelling close to light speed,…

Popular Physics · Physics 2013-09-06 S. Khalil , S. Moretti

It is demonstrated how a set of particle representations, familiar from the Standard Model, collectively form a superalgebra. Those representations mirroring the internal behaviour of the Standard Model's gauge bosons, and three generations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-18 N. Furey

A new unifying theory was recently proposed by the author in the publication "Arrangement field theory - beyond strings and loop gravity -". Such theory describes all fields (gravitational, gauge and matter fields) as entries in a matricial…

General Physics · Physics 2012-10-17 Marin Diego

One of the biggest revelations of 20th century physics, is virtually unheard of outside the inner circles of particle physics. This is the gauge theory, the foundation for how all physical interactions are described and a guiding principle…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-09-08 Nils-Erik Bomark

We present phenomenological study of the most minimal realistic $SU(5)$ model that owns its predictivity solely to the gauge symmetry and the representational content. The model is built entirely out of the fields residing in the first five…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-21 Ilja Doršner , Emina Džaferović-Mašić , Shaikh Saad

The Standard Model of particle physics describes the known fundamental particles and forces that make up our universe, with the exception of gravity. One of the central features of the Standard Model is a field that permeates all of space…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-10-18 ATLAS Collaboration

A unification model for strong, electromagnetic, weak and gravitational forces is proposed. The tangent space of ordinary coordinate 4-dimensional spacetime is a submanifold of an 14-dimensional internal spacetime spanned by four frame…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-02-03 Wu Yue-Liang , Zhou Guang-Zhao

We conjecture how the particle content of the standard model can emerge starting with a supersymmetric Wess-Zumino model in 1+1 dimensions (d = 2) with three real boson and fermion fields. Considering SU(3) transformations, the lagrangian…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-01-12 P. J. Mulders

In this set of four lectures I will discuss some aspects of the Standard Model (SM) as a quantum field theory and related phenomenological observations which have played a crucial role in establishing the $SU(2)_{L} \times U(1)_{Y}$ gauge…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-03-16 Rohini M. Godbole

This article shows that one can consistently incorporate nonunitary representations of at least one group into the ``ordinary'' nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. This group turns out to be Lorentz group thus giving us an alternative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Bojan Bistrovic

Here we consider two algebras, a free unital associative complex algebra (denoted by ${\mathcal{B}}$) equiped with a multiparametric \textbf{\emph{q}}-differential structure and a twisted group algebra (denoted by ${\mathcal{A}(S_{n})}$),…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-09 Milena Sosic

Inspired by soliton models, we propose a description of static particles in terms of Riemannian 4-manifolds with self-dual Weyl tensor. For electrically charged particles, the 4-manifolds are non-compact and asymptotically fibred by circles…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-30 Michael Atiyah , Nicholas S. Manton , Bernd J. Schroers

In this talk, we present a minimal viable scenario that unifies the gauge symmetries of the Standard Model (SM) and their breaking sector. Our Gauge-Higgs Grand Unification setup employs 5D warped space with a $SU(6)$ bulk gauge field that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-30 Andrei Angelescu , Andreas Bally , Simone Blasi , Florian Goertz

We recall how the idea of Softly Broken Supersymmetry led to the construction of the Supersymmetric Standard Model in 1981. Its first prediction, the supersymmetric unification of gauge couplings, was conclusively verified by the LEP and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Savas Dimopoulos

We give a general description of gauge symmetry breaking using vertical and remainder fluxes in 4D F-theory models. The fluxes can break a geometric gauge group to a smaller group and induce chiral matter, even when the larger group admits…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-21 Shing Yan Li , Washington Taylor

A possible extension of the Standard Model of elementary particles is Gauge-Higgs unification, where the Higgs field is identified with (some of) the extra dimensional components of a five-dimensional gauge field. In this scenario there is…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2011-11-03 Kyoko Yoneyama , Nikos Irges , Francesco Knechtli

Postulating that spacetime is discrete, we assume that physical space is described by a 3-dimensional cubic lattice.The corresponding symmetry group of rotations has order 24 and motivates the introduction of a cubic shaped graph with 27…

General Physics · Physics 2017-08-01 Stan Gudder

Assuming that the Standard Model of particle physics arises from the $E_8\times E_8$ Heterotic String Theory, we try to solve the discrepancy between the unification scale predicted by this theory ($\approx g_{GUT}\times 5.27\cdot 10^{17}$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-03 C. Munoz

Sogami recently proposed the new idea to express Higgs particle as a kind of gauge particle by prescribing the generalized covariant derivative with gauge and Higgs fields operating on quark and lepton fields. The field strengths for both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Y. Okumura , S. Suzuki , K. Morita

We introduce a class of permutation centralizer algebras which underly the combinatorics of multi-matrix gauge invariant observables. One family of such non-commutative algebras is parametrised by two integers. Its Wedderburn-Artin…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-30 Paolo Mattioli , Sanjaye Ramgoolam