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For any two non-negative integers h and k, h > k, an L(h, k)-colouring of a graph G is a colouring of vertices such that adjacent vertices admit colours that at least differ by h and vertices that are two distances apart admit colours that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Annayat Ali , Rameez Raja

We study the commuting graph of $n\times n$ matrices over the field of $p$-adics $\mathbb{Q}_p$, whose vertices are non-scalar $n\times n$ matrices with entries in $\mathbb{Q}_p$ and whose edges connect pairs of matrices that commute under…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-07-22 Ralph Morrison

We prove an upper bound for the number of edges a C4-free graph on q^2 + q vertices can contain for q even. This upper bound is achieved whenever there is an orthogonal polarity graph of a plane of even order q.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-25 Frank A. Firke , Peter M. Kosek , Evan D. Nash , Jason Williford

An $L(h_1, h_2, \ldots, h_l)$-labelling of a graph $G$ is a mapping $\phi: V(G) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2, \ldots\}$ such that for $1\le i\le l$ and each pair of vertices $u, v$ of $G$ at distance $i$, we have $|\phi(u) - \phi(v)| \geq h_i$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-15 Anna Lladó , Hamid Mokhtar , Oriol Serra , Sanming Zhou

For integer $k\geq2$ and prime power $q$, the algebraic bipartite graph $D(k,q)$ proposed by Lazebnik and Ustimenko (1995) is meaningful not only in extremal graph theory but also in coding theory and cryptography. This graph is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Ming Xu , Xiaoyan Cheng , Yuansheng Tang

Let $p \in \mathbb{N}$ and $q \in \mathbb{N} \cup \lbrace \infty \rbrace$. We study a dynamic coloring of the vertices of a graph $G$ that starts with an initial subset $S$ of blue vertices, with all remaining vertices colored white. If a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Boštjan Brešar , Jaka Hedžet , Michael A. Henning

Lower and upper bounds on the size of a covering of subspaces in the Grassmann graph $\cG_q(n,r)$ by subspaces from the Grassmann graph $\cG_q(n,k)$, $k \geq r$, are discussed. The problem is of interest from four points of view: coding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-12 Tuvi Etzion

An $L(d,1)$-labeling of a graph $G$ is an assignment of nonnegative integers to the vertices such that adjacent vertices receive labels that differ by at least $d$ and those at a distance of two receive labels that differ by at least one,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Irena Hrastnik Ladinek

The ($p$,1)-total number $\lambda_p^T(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the width of the smallest range of integers that suffices to label the vertices and the edges of $G$ such that no two adjacent vertices have the same label, no two incident edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-05-11 Yong Yu , Guanghui Wang , Guizhen Liu

A total coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of its vertices and edges such that no adjacent vertices, edges, and no incident vertices and edges obtain the same color. An interval total $t$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a total coloring of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Petros A. Petrosyan , Nerses A. Khachatryan

We provide a doubly exponential upper bound in $p$ on the size of forbidden pivot-minors for symmetric or skew-symmetric matrices over a fixed finite field $\mathbb{F}$ of linear rank-width at most $p$. As a corollary, we obtain a doubly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-24 Mamadou Moustapha Kanté , O-joung Kwon

The generalized Ramsey number $f(n, p, q)$ is the smallest number of colors needed to color the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ so that every $p$-clique spans at least $q$ colors. Erd\H{o}s and Gy\'arf\'as showed that $f(n, p, q)$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Patrick Bennett , Ryan Cushman , Andrzej Dudek

For fixed integers p and q, let f(n,p,q) denote the minimum number of colors needed to color all of the edges of the complete graph K_n such that no clique of p vertices spans fewer than q distinct colors. A construction is given which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-07 Alex Cameron

We give a complete characterisation of the cubic graphs with no eigenvalues in the open interval $(-1,1)$. There are two infinite families, one due to Guo and Mohar [Linear Algebra Appl. 449:68--75] the other due to Koll\'ar and Sarnak…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Krystal Guo , Gordon F. Royle

A theta graph $\theta_{r,p,q}$ is the graph obtained by connecting two distinct vertices with three internally disjoint paths of length $r,p,q$, where $q\geq p\geq r\geq1$ and $p\geq2$. A graph is $\theta_{r,p,q}$-free if it does not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-26 Jing Gao , Xueliang Li

An $(n,s,q)$-graph is an $n$-vertex multigraph in which every $s$-set of vertices spans at most $q$ edges. Erd\H{o}s initiated the study of maximum number of edges of $(n,s,q)$-graphs, and the extremal problem on multigraphs has been…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-26 Ran Gu , Shuaichao Wang

We investigate Sperner's labelings of $H^\pi_{k,q}$, the hypergraph whose hyperedges are facets of the edgewise triangulation of a $(k-1)$-simplex defined by a permutation $\pi\in \mathbb{S}_{k-1}$. Mirzakhani and Vondr\' ak showed that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Duško Jojić , Ognjen Papaz

We consider the L(p,q)-Edge-Labelling problem, which is the edge variant of the well-known L(p,q)-Labelling problem. So far, the complexity of this problem was only partially classified. We complete this study for all nonnegative p and q,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Gaetan Berthe , Barnaby Martin , Daniel Paulusma , Siani Smith

In this paper we study the problem of coloring a unit interval graph which changes dynamically. In our model the unit intervals are added or removed one at the time, and have to be colored immediately, so that no two overlapping intervals…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Bartłomiej Bosek , Anna Zych-Pawlewicz

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set V and edge set E such that |V| = p and |E| = q. For integers k\geq 0, define an edge labeling f : E \rightarrow \{k,k+1,....,k+q-1\} and define the vertex sum for a vertex $v$ as the sum of the labels of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-16 Sin-Min Lee , Saeid Alikhani , Gee-Choon Lau , William Kocay