Related papers: Bolzano and the Part-Whole Principle
In the paper we define the convergence of compact fuzzy sets as a convergence of alpha-cuts in the topology of compact subsets of a metric space. Furthermore we define typical convergences of fuzzy variables and show relations with…
It is well known that the set of algebraic numbers (let us call it $A$) is countable. In this paper, instead of the usage of the classical terminology of cardinals proposed by Cantor, a recently introduced methodology using \G1-based…
Solomonoff unified Occam's razor and Epicurus' principle of multiple explanations to one elegant, formal, universal theory of inductive inference, which initiated the field of algorithmic information theory. His central result is that the…
To explain conceptual gap between classical/quantum and other, hypothetical descriptions of world, several principles has been proposed. So far, all these principles have not explicitly included the uncertainty relation. Here we introduce…
How many odd numbers are there? How many even numbers? From Galileo to Cantor, the suggestion was that there are the same number of odd, even and natural numbers, because all three sets can be mapped in one-one fashion to each other. This…
It has been widely realized that Monte Carlo methods (approximation via a sample ensemble) may fail in large scale systems. This work offers some theoretical insight into this phenomenon in the context of the particle filter. We demonstrate…
Let $\mathcal{C}\subseteq[0,1]$ be a Cantor set. In the classical $\mathcal{C}\pm\mathcal{C}$ problems, modifying the ``size'' of $\mathcal{C}$ has a magnified effect on $\mathcal{C}\pm\mathcal{C}$. However, any gain in $\mathcal{C}$…
In relation to the Erd\H os similarity problem (show that for any infinite set $A$ of real numbers there exists a set of positive Lebesgue measure which contains no affine copy of $A$) we give some new examples of infinite sets which are…
It is known that there are many notions of largeness in a semigroup that own rich combinatorial properties. In this paper, we focus on partition and almost disjoint properties of these notions. One of the most remarkable results with…
In spite of successful tests, the standard cosmological model, the $\Lambda$CDM model, possesses the most problematic concept: the initial singularity, also known as the big bang. In this paper---by adopting the Kantian difference between…
Many combinatorial sequences (for example, the Catalan and Motzkin numbers) may be expressed as the constant term of $P(x)^k Q(x)$, for some Laurent polynomials $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ in the variable $x$ with integer coefficients. Denoting such…
Conformal Prediction (CP) is a distribution-free uncertainty estimation framework that constructs prediction sets guaranteed to contain the true answer with a user-specified probability. Intuitively, the size of the prediction set encodes a…
This paper develops a rich theory of cardinality in the paraconsistent and paracomplete set theory $\mathrm{BZFC}$, where sets can be inconsistent ($A$ such that ``$x\in A$'' is both true and false for some $x$) or incomplete ($A$ such that…
The uncountability of the reals was first established by Cantor in what was later heralded as the first paper on set theory. Since the latter constitutes the official foundations of mathematics, the logical study of the uncountability of…
This paper deals with different concepts for characterizing the size of mathematical objects. A game theoretic investigation and generalization of two size concepts, which can both be formulated in topological terms, is provided: the so…
We present a self-contained analysis of infinity from two mathematical perspectives: set theory and algebra. We begin with cardinal and ordinal numbers, examining deep questions such as the continuum hypothesis, along with foundational…
Using proof-theoretic methods in the style of proof mining, we give novel computationally effective limit theorems for the convergence of the Cesaro-means of certain sequences of random variables. These results are intimately related to…
The aim of this paper is to determine the logical and computational strength of instances of the Bolzano-Weierstra{\ss} principle (BW) and a weak variant of it. We show that BW is instance-wise equivalent to the weak K\"onig's lemma for…
This article rebuilds the parity conservation under the light of Heinsenberg's uncertainty principle and the equivalence among the four space-time coordinates. The lack of equilibrium between matter and antimatter is elucidated; neutrino…
The combinatorial basis of entropy, given by Boltzmann, can be written $H = N^{-1} \ln \mathbb{W}$, where $H$ is the dimensionless entropy, $N$ is the number of entities and $\mathbb{W}$ is number of ways in which a given realization of a…