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It is common to conduct causal inference in matched observational studies by proceeding as though treatment assignments within matched sets are assigned uniformly at random and using this distribution as the basis for inference. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-14 Samuel D. Pimentel , Yaxuan Huang

In many causal inference applications, only one or a few units (or clusters of units) are treated. An important challenge in such settings is that standard inference methods relying on asymptotic theory may be unreliable, even with large…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-22 Luis Alvarez , Bruno Ferman , Kaspar Wüthrich

In this paper, we apply doubly robust approach to estimate, when some covariates are given, the conditional average treatment effect under parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric structure of the nuisance propensity score and outcome…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Chuyun Ye , Keli Guo , Lixing Zhu

We propose a one-to-many matching estimator of the average treatment effect based on propensity scores estimated by isotonic regression. This approach is predicated on the assumption of monotonicity in the propensity score function, a…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-27 Mengshan Xu , Taisuke Otsu

We derive limiting distributions of symmetrized estimators of scatter, where instead of all $n(n-1)/2$ pairs of the $n$ observations we only consider $nd$ suitably chosen pairs, $1 \le d < \lfloor n/2\rfloor$. It turns out that the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Lutz Duembgen , Klaus Nordhausen

This paper studies inference in cluster randomized trials where treatment status is determined according to a "matched pairs" design. Here, by a cluster randomized experiment, we mean one in which treatment is assigned at the level of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-14 Yuehao Bai , Jizhou Liu , Azeem M. Shaikh , Max Tabord-Meehan

In matched observational studies with continuous treatments, individuals with different treatment doses but the same or similar covariate values are paired for causal inference. While inexact covariate matching (i.e., covariate imbalance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-13 Anthony Frazier , Siyu Heng , Wen Zhou

This paper studies inference on the average treatment effect in experiments in which treatment status is determined according to "matched pairs" and it is additionally desired to adjust for observed, baseline covariates to gain further…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-20 Yuehao Bai , Liang Jiang , Joseph P. Romano , Azeem M. Shaikh , Yichong Zhang

Asymptotic statistical theory for estimating functions is reviewed in a generality suitable for stochastic processes. Conditions concerning existence of a consistent estimator, uniqueness, rate of convergence, and the asymptotic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-06 Jean Jacod , Michael Sørensen

Matching is a commonly used causal inference study design in observational studies. Through matching on measured confounders between different treatment groups, valid randomization inferences can be conducted under the no unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-20 Jeffrey Zhang , Siyu Heng

The comparison of different medical treatments from observational studies or across different clinical studies is often biased by confounding factors such as systematic differences in patient demographics or in the inclusion criteria for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-15 Ekkehard Glimm , Lillian Yau

This paper studies inference for the local average treatment effect in randomized controlled trials with imperfect compliance where treatment status is determined according to "matched pairs." By "matched pairs," we mean that units are…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-28 Yuehao Bai , Hongchang Guo , Azeem M. Shaikh , Max Tabord-Meehan

Applications of CAR for balancing continuous covariates remain comparatively rare, especially in multi-treatment clinical trials, and the theoretical properties of multi-treatment CAR have remained largely elusive for decades. In this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Li-Xin Zhang

To estimate casual treatment effects, we propose a new matching approach based on the reduced covariates obtained from sufficient dimension reduction. Compared to the original covariates and the propensity score, which are commonly used for…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-03 Wei Luo , Yeying Zhu

We provide an approach to exploratory data analysis in matched observational studies with a single intervention and multiple endpoints. In such settings, the researcher would like to explore evidence for actual treatment effects among these…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Mengqi Lin , Colin Fogarty

We propose a general semi-supervised inference framework focused on the estimation of the population mean. As usual in semi-supervised settings, there exists an unlabeled sample of covariate vectors and a labeled sample consisting of…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-15 Anru Zhang , Lawrence D. Brown , T. Tony Cai

We establish asymptotic properties of $M$-estimators, defined in terms of a contrast function and observations from a continuous-time locally stationary process. Using the stationary approximation of the sequence, $\theta$-weak dependence,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Bennet Ströh

We consider a linear mixed-effects model with a clustered structure, where the parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood (ML) based on possibly unbalanced data. Inference with this model is typically done based on asymptotic theory,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Chih-Hao Chang , Hsin-Cheng Huang , Ching-Kang Ing

This paper studies inference in randomized controlled trials with multiple treatments, where treatment status is determined according to a "matched tuples" design. Here, by a matched tuples design, we mean an experimental design where units…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-11-06 Yuehao Bai , Jizhou Liu , Max Tabord-Meehan

In Bayesian nonparametric inference, random discrete probability measures are commonly used as priors within hierarchical mixture models for density estimation and for inference on the clustering of the data. Recently, it has been shown…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Stefano Favaro , Antonio Lijoi , Igor Prünster