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Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) utilize a hybrid quantum-classical architecture to recast problems of high-dimensional linear algebra as ones of stochastic optimization. Despite the promise of leveraging near- to intermediate-term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Oliver Knitter , James Stokes , Shravan Veerapaneni

An important application for near-term quantum computing lies in optimization tasks, with applications ranging from quantum chemistry and drug discovery to machine learning. In many settings --- most prominently in so-called parametrized or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Maria Schuld , Ville Bergholm , Christian Gogolin , Josh Izaac , Nathan Killoran

Given a parameterized quantum circuit such that a certain setting of these real-valued parameters corresponds to Grover's celebrated search algorithm, can a variational algorithm recover these settings and hence learn Grover's algorithm? We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-02 Mauro E. S. Morales , Timur Tlyachev , Jacob Biamonte

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a fundamental algorithm in quantum computing, yet a coherent geometric characterization of VQE remains missing due to fragmented analyses across fixed-ansatz and adaptive-circuit formulations. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Zhen Qin

Variational quantum algorithms are a promising class of algorithms that can be performed on currently available quantum computers. In most settings, the free parameters of a variational circuit are optimized using a classical optimizer that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Roeland Wiersema , Nathan Killoran

Imaginary time evolution is a powerful tool for studying quantum systems. While it is possible to simulate with a classical computer, the time and memory requirements generally scale exponentially with the system size. Conversely, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Sam McArdle , Tyson Jones , Suguru Endo , Ying Li , Simon Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

Quantum computing has emerged as a promising technology for solving problems that are intractable for classical computers. In this study, we introduce quantum computing and implement the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-12 Maomin Qing , Wei Xie

The paper presents a variational quantum algorithm to solve initial-boundary value problems described by second-order partial differential equations. The approach uses hybrid classical/quantum hardware that is well suited for quantum…

We present a gradient-based optimal-control technique for open quantum systems that utilizes quantum trajectories to simulate the quantum dynamics during optimization. Using trajectories allows for optimizing open systems with less…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-03 Mohamed Abdelhafez , David I. Schuster , Jens Koch

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computers will require error-free execution of long sequences of quantum gate operations, which is expected to involve millions of physical qubits. Before the full power of such machines will be available,…

Optimization drives advances in quantum science and machine learning, yet most generative models aim to mimic data rather than to discover optimal answers to challenging problems. Here we present a variational generative optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Lingxia Zhang , Xiaodie Lin , Peidong Wang , Kaiyan Yang , Xiao Zeng , Zhaohui Wei , Zizhu Wang

The prevalence of variational methods in near-term quantum computing makes optimizer choice critical, yet selection is frequently intuition-based. We therefore present a systematic benchmark of eight classical optimization algorithms for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 S. Illésová , V. Novák , T. Bezděk , C. Possel , M. Beseda

We introduce an iterative method to search for time-optimal Hamiltonians that drive a quantum system between two arbitrary, and in general mixed, quantum states. The method is based on the idea of progressively improving the efficiency of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-25 Francesco Campaioli , William Sloan , Kavan Modi , Felix Alexander Pollock

Quantum annealers provide an effective framework for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. This work presents a novel methodology for training Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) by reformulating the parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Ernesto Acosta , Guillermo Botella , Carlos Cano

The efficient optimization of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) is critical for their successful application in quantum computing. The Quantum Natural Gradient (QNG) method, which leverages the geometry of quantum state space, has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Mourad Halla

We propose a qubit efficient scheme to study ground state properties of quantum many-body systems on near-term noisy intermediate scale quantum computers. One can obtain a tensor network representation of the ground state using a number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Jin-Guo Liu , Yi-Hong Zhang , Yuan Wan , Lei Wang

Quantum systems have historically been formidable to simulate using classical computational methods, particularly as the system size grows. In recent years, advancements in quantum computing technology have offered new opportunities for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Jinao Wang , Rimika Jaiswal

We present a new optimization method for small-to-intermediate scale variational algorithms on noisy near-term quantum processors which uses a Gaussian process surrogate model equipped with a classically-evaluated quantum kernel.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Alistair W. R. Smith , A. J. Paige , M. S. Kim

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for quantum simulation that can be run on near-term quantum hardware. A challenge in VQE -- as well as any other heuristic algorithm for finding ground states…

A variational method is studied based on the minimum of energy variance. The method is tested on exactly soluble problems in quantum mechanics, and is shown to be a useful tool whenever the properties of states are more relevant than the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-01-07 Luca Marotta , Fabio Siringo