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Graphs and networks are a key research tool for a variety of science fields, most notably chemistry, biology, engineering and social sciences. Modeling and generation of graphs with efficient sampling is a key challenge for graphs. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Ruud van Deursen , Guillaume Godin

Molecule generation is a task made very difficult by the complex ways in which we represent molecules computationally. A common technique used in molecular generative modeling is to use SMILES strings with recurrent neural networks built…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-28 Divahar Sivanesan

Deep generative models have recently been applied to molecule design. If the molecules are encoded in linear SMILES strings, modeling becomes convenient. However, models relying on string representations tend to generate invalid samples and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bo Pang , Tian Han , Ying Nian Wu

Machine learning in drug discovery has been focused on virtual screening of molecular libraries using discriminative models. Generative models are an entirely different approach that learn to represent and optimize molecules in a continuous…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-17 Matthew Ragoza , Tomohide Masuda , David Ryan Koes

Using generative deep learning models and reinforcement learning together can effectively generate new molecules with desired properties. By employing a multi-objective scoring function, thousands of high-scoring molecules can be generated,…

The potential number of drug like small molecules is estimated to be between 10^23 and 10^60 while current databases of known compounds are orders of magnitude smaller with approximately 10^8 compounds. This discrepancy has led to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Esben Jannik Bjerrum , Richard Threlfall

Recent advancements in computational chemistry have leveraged the power of trans-former-based language models, such as MoLFormer, pre-trained using a vast amount of simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) sequences, to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-05 Tianhao Peng , Yuchen Li , Xuhong Li , Jiang Bian , Zeke Xie , Ning Sui , Shahid Mumtaz , Yanwu Xu , Linghe Kong , Haoyi Xiong

With the recent advances in machine learning for quantum chemistry, it is now possible to predict the chemical properties of compounds and to generate novel molecules. Existing generative models mostly use a string- or graph-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-14 Vitali Nesterov , Mario Wieser , Volker Roth

The de novo generation of drug-like molecules capable of inducing desirable phenotypic changes is receiving increasing attention. However, previous methods predominantly rely on expression profiles to guide molecule generation, but overlook…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Haotian Guo , Hui Liu

Deep generative models are increasingly becoming integral parts of the in silico molecule design pipeline and have dual goals of learning the chemical and structural features that render candidate molecules viable while also being flexible…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-08 Yair Schiff , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Payel Das

It remains a challenging task to generate a vast variety of novel compounds with desirable pharmacological properties. In this work, a generative network complex (GNC) is proposed as a new platform for designing novel compounds, predicting…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-11-01 Christopher Grow , Kaifu Gao , Duc Duy Nguyen , Guo-Wei Wei

The application of generative models for experimental drug discovery campaigns is severely limited by the difficulty of designing molecules de novo that can be synthesized in practice. Previous works have leveraged Generative Flow Networks…

Designing safe and sustainable chemicals is critical to combat chemical pollution in our environment. Machine learning (ML) methods have been developed to aid with de novo molecule design. However, data on the environmental impacts of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Coelina Robinson , Franziska Weissbach , Kjell Jorner , Mennatallah El-Assady , Christina Humer

Deploying generative machine learning techniques to generate novel chemical structures based on molecular fingerprint representation has been well established in molecular design. Typically, sequential learning (SL) schemes such as hidden…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-07 Mohammad Sajjad Ghaemi , Karl Grantham , Isaac Tamblyn , Yifeng Li , Hsu Kiang Ooi

De novo generation of hit-like molecules is a challenging task in the drug discovery process. Most methods in previous studies learn the semantics and syntax of molecular structures by analyzing molecular graphs or simplified molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Chen Li , Yoshihiro Yamanishi

Chemical databases store information in text representations, and the SMILES format is a universal standard used in many cheminformatics software. Encoded in each SMILES string is structural information that can be used to predict complex…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-16 Garrett B. Goh , Nathan O. Hodas , Charles Siegel , Abhinav Vishnu

Generative methods (Gen-AI) are reviewed with a particular goal of solving tasks in machine learning and Bayesian inference. Generative models require one to simulate a large training dataset and to use deep neural networks to solve a…

Computation · Statistics 2025-05-20 Maria Nareklishvili , Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov

Deep generative models, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), are pivotal in discovering novel drug-like candidates via de novo molecular generation. However, traditional character-wise tokenizers often struggle with identifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Huidong Tang , Chen Li , Yasuhiko Morimoto

Drug discovery using deep learning has attracted a lot of attention of late as it has obvious advantages like higher efficiency, less manual guessing and faster process time. In this paper, we present a novel neural network for generating…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-08 Abhinav Sagar

A range of generative machine learning models for the design of novel molecules and materials have been proposed in recent years. Models that can generate three-dimensional structures are particularly suitable for quantum chemistry…

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