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Logic locking is used to protect integrated circuits (ICs) from piracy and counterfeiting. An encrypted IC implements the correct function only when the right key is input. Many existing logic-locking methods are subject to the powerful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Jingbo Zhou , Xinmiao Zhang

Software obfuscation is a crucial technology to protect intellectual property and manage digital rights within our society. Despite its huge practical importance, both commercial and academic state-of-the-art obfuscation methods are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Moritz Schloegel , Tim Blazytko , Moritz Contag , Cornelius Aschermann , Julius Basler , Thorsten Holz , Ali Abbasi

Sequential logic locking has been studied over the last decade as a method to protect sequential circuits from reverse engineering. However, most of the existing sequential logic locking techniques are threatened by increasingly more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Yuke Zhang , Yinghua Hu , Pierluigi Nuzzo , Peter A. Beerel

Logic locking proposed to protect integrated circuits from serious hardware threats has been studied extensively over a decade. In these years, many efficient logic locking techniques have been proven to be broken. The state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Levent Aksoy , Muhammad Yasin , Samuel Pagliarini

In this paper, we claim that cyclic obfuscation, when properly implemented, poses exponential complexity on SAT or CycSAT attack. The CycSAT, in order to generate the necessary cycle avoidance clauses, uses a pre-processing step. We show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Shervin Roshanisefat , Hadi Mardani Kamali , Avesta Sasan

In the realm of quantum computing, quantum circuits serve as essential depictions of quantum algorithms, which are then compiled into executable operations for quantum computations. Quantum compilers are responsible for converting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Vincent Langford , Shihan Zhao , Hongyu Zhang , Ben Dong , Qian Wang , Anees Rehman , Yuntao Liu

Program obfuscation aims to hide the inner workings of a program while preserving its functionality. In the quantum setting, recent works have obtained obfuscation schemes for specialized classes of quantum circuits. For instance, Bartusek,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Mi-Ying Huang , Er-Cheng Tang

In the ever-evolving battle against malware, binary obfuscation techniques are a formidable barrier to effective analysis by both human security analysts and automated systems. In particular, virtualization or VM-based obfuscation is one of…

Hardware intellectual property (IP) theft is a major issue in today's globalized supply chain. To address it, numerous logic locking and obfuscation techniques have been proposed. While locking initially focused on digital integrated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Rabin Yu Acharya , Sreeja Chowdhury , Fatemeh Ganji , Domenic Forte

In this paper, we introduce a novel Communication and Obfuscation Management Architecture (COMA) to handle the storage of the obfuscation key and to secure the communication to/from untrusted yet obfuscated circuits. COMA addresses three…

Evaluating the effectiveness of software protection is crucial for selecting the most effective methods to safeguard assets within software applications. Obfuscation involves techniques that deliberately modify software to make it more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Leonardo Regano , Daniele Canavese , Cataldo Basile , Marco Torchiano

Program obfuscation is a widely employed approach for software intellectual property protection. However, general obfuscation methods (e.g., lexical obfuscation, control obfuscation) implemented in mainstream obfuscation tools are heuristic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-04 Hui Xu , Yangfan Zhou , Yu Kang , Michael R. Lyu

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are a core component of an Industrial Control System (ICS). However, if a PLC is compromised or the commands sent across a network from the PLCs are spoofed, consequences could be catastrophic. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed , Martin Ochoa , Jianying Zhou , Aditya Mathur

Scan chains provide increased controllability and observability for testing digital circuits. The increased testability, however, can also be a source of information leakage for sensitive designs. The state-of-the-art defenses to secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Dake Chen , Chunxiao Lin , Peter A. Beerel

Software obfuscation is widely used by Android developers to protect the source code of their applications against adversarial reverse-engineering efforts. A specific type of obfuscation, string obfuscation, transforms the content of all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Martijn de Vos , Johan Pouwelse

Software obfuscation techniques make code more difficult to understand, without changing its functionality. Such techniques are often used by authors of malicious software to avoid detection. Reverse Engineering of obfuscated code, i.e.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Nir Somech , Guy Katz

The success of quantum circuits in providing reliable outcomes for a given problem depends on the gate count and depth in near-term noisy quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilers that decompose high-level gates to native gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Fault injection attacks represent a type of active, physical attack against cryptographic circuits. Various countermeasures have been proposed to thwart such attacks, the design and implementation of which are, however, intricate,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Huiyu Tan , Pengfei Gao , Taolue Chen , Fu Song , Zhilin Wu

As machine learning becomes a practice and commodity, numerous cloud-based services and frameworks are provided to help customers develop and deploy machine learning applications. While it is prevalent to outsource model training and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Tianwei Zhang , Zecheng He , Ruby B. Lee

This paper proposes Concurrent-Access Obfuscated Store (CAOS), a construction for remote data storage that provides access-pattern obfuscation in a honest-but-curious adversarial model, while allowing for low bandwidth overhead and client…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Mihai Ordean , Mark Ryan , David Galindo