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Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents have great successes in solving tasks with large observation and action spaces from limited feedback. Still, training the agents is data-intensive and there are no guarantees that the learned behavior is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Helge Spieker

Learning cooperative multi-agent policies directly from high-dimensional, multimodal sensory inputs like pixels and audio (from pixels) is notoriously sample-inefficient. Model-free Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sureyya Akin , Kavita Srivastava , Prateek B. Kapoor , Pradeep G. Sethi , Sunita Q. Patel , Rahu Srivastava

Social learning is a key component of human and animal intelligence. By taking cues from the behavior of experts in their environment, social learners can acquire sophisticated behavior and rapidly adapt to new circumstances. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Kamal Ndousse , Douglas Eck , Sergey Levine , Natasha Jaques

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) and Human-in-the-Loop (HitL) learning have made human-AI collaboration easier for humans to team with AI agents. Leveraging human expertise and experience with AI in intelligent systems can be…

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an increasingly important research field that can model and control multiple large-scale autonomous systems. Despite its achievements, existing multi-agent learning methods typically involve…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Kailash Gogineni , Peng Wei , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) extends (single-agent) reinforcement learning (RL) by introducing additional agents and (potentially) partial observability of the environment. Consequently, algorithms for solving MARL problems…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Yilun Zhou , Derrik E. Asher , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Julie A. Shah

This work leverages adaptive social learning to estimate partially observable global states in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems. Unlike existing methods, the proposed approach enables the concurrent operation of social…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Malek Khammassi , Ali H. Sayed

We present a reinforcement learning strategy for use in multi-agent foraging systems in which the learning is centralised to a single agent and its model is periodically disseminated among the population of non-learning agents. In a domain…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ian O'Flynn , Harun Šiljak

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the active fields in machine learning, demonstrating remarkable potential in tackling real-world challenges. Despite its promising prospects, this methodology has encountered with issues and challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Alireza Rashidi Laleh , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

Learning to coordinate many agents in partially observable and highly dynamic environments requires both informative representations and data-efficient training. To address this challenge, we present a novel model-based multi-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zhizun Wang , David Meger

Autonomous systems have achieved superhuman performance in isolation or simulation, yet they remain brittle in shared, dynamic real-world spaces. This failure stems from the dominant single-agent paradigm for physical applications, where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ismail Geles , Leonard Bauersfeld , Markus Wulfmeier , Davide Scaramuzza

It can largely benefit the reinforcement learning (RL) process of each agent if multiple geographically distributed agents perform their separate RL tasks cooperatively. Different from multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Kaiyue Wu , Xiao-Jun Zeng

Unlike reinforcement learning (RL) agents, humans remain capable multitaskers in changing environments. In spite of only experiencing the world through their own observations and interactions, people know how to balance focusing on tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rishav Bhagat , Jonathan Balloch , Zhiyu Lin , Julia Kim , Mark Riedl

In real-world environments, autonomous agents rely on their egocentric observations. They must learn adaptive strategies to interact with others who possess mixed motivations, discernible only through visible cues. Several Multi-Agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Violet Xiang , Logan Cross , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Nick Haber

Learning collaborative behaviors is essential for multi-agent systems. Traditionally, multi-agent reinforcement learning solves this implicitly through a joint reward and centralized observations, assuming collaborative behavior will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengran Ji , Lingyu Zhang , Paul Sajda , Boyuan Chen

We present a machine learning framework for multi-agent systems to learn both the optimal policy for maximizing the rewards and the encoding of the high dimensional visual observation. The encoding is useful for sharing local visual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Hyung-Jin Yoon , Huaiyu Chen , Kehan Long , Heling Zhang , Aditya Gahlawat , Donghwan Lee , Naira Hovakimyan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in various decision-making tasks of machine learning provides effective results with an agent learning from a stand-alone reward function. However, it presents unique challenges with large amounts of environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Neda Navidi

Language model (LM) agents have gained significant attention for their ability to autonomously complete tasks through interactions with environments, tools, and APIs. LM agents are primarily built with prompt engineering or supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Renxi Wang , Rifo Ahmad Genadi , Bilal El Bouardi , Yongxin Wang , Fajri Koto , Zhengzhong Liu , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can find an optimal policy for a single agent to accomplish a particular task. However, many real-world problems require multiple agents to collaborate in order to achieve a common goal. For example, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan Corazza , Hadi Partovi Aria , Hyohun Kim , Daniel Neider , Zhe Xu

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved significant results, most notably by leveraging the representation-learning abilities of deep neural networks. However, large centralized approaches quickly become…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Nikunj Gupta , G Srinivasaraghavan , Swarup Kumar Mohalik , Nishant Kumar , Matthew E. Taylor