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Related papers: Out-of-domain Detection for Natural Language Under…

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In many real-world settings, machine learning models need to identify user inputs that are out-of-domain (OOD) so as to avoid performing wrong actions. This work focuses on a challenging case of OOD detection, where no labels for in-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Di Jin , Shuyang Gao , Seokhwan Kim , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Out-of-domain (OOD) input detection is vital in a task-oriented dialogue system since the acceptance of unsupported inputs could lead to an incorrect response of the system. This paper proposes OutFlip, a method to generate out-of-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-13 DongHyun Choi , Myeong Cheol Shin , EungGyun Kim , Dong Ryeol Shin

Intent Detection is one of the tasks of the Natural Language Understanding (NLU) unit in task-oriented dialogue systems. Out of Scope (OOS) and Out of Domain (OOD) inputs may run these systems into a problem. On the other side, a labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Masoud Akbari , Ali Mohades , M. Hassan Shirali-Shahreza

Out-of-Domain (OOD) intent detection is important for practical dialog systems. To alleviate the issue of lacking OOD training samples, some works propose synthesizing pseudo OOD samples and directly assigning one-hot OOD labels to these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Hao Lang , Yinhe Zheng , Jian Sun , Fei Huang , Luo Si , Yongbin Li

Neural dialog models often lack robustness to anomalous user input and produce inappropriate responses which leads to frustrating user experience. Although there are a set of prior approaches to out-of-domain (OOD) utterance detection, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Sungjin Lee , Igor Shalyminov

Detecting Out-of-Domain (OOD) or unknown intents from user queries is essential in a task-oriented dialog system. A key challenge of OOD detection is to learn discriminative semantic features. Traditional cross-entropy loss only focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Zhiyuan Zeng , Keqing He , Yuanmeng Yan , Zijun Liu , Yanan Wu , Hong Xu , Huixing Jiang , Weiran Xu

Intent classification is a major task in spoken language understanding (SLU). Since most models are built with pre-collected in-domain (IND) training utterances, their ability to detect unsupported out-of-domain (OOD) utterances has a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Yilin Shen , Yen-Chang Hsu , Avik Ray , Hongxia Jin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection lies at the heart of robust artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to identify samples from novel distributions beyond the training set. Recent approaches have exploited feature representations as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Tarhib Al Azad , Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Detecting out-of-domain (OOD) intents from user queries is essential for a task-oriented dialogue system. Previous OOD detection studies generally work on the assumption that plenty of labeled IND intents exist. In this paper, we focus on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Pei Wang , Keqing He , Yutao Mou , Xiaoshuai Song , Yanan Wu , Jingang Wang , Yunsen Xian , Xunliang Cai , Weiran Xu

To ensure satisfactory user experience, dialog systems must be able to determine whether an input sentence is in-domain (ID) or out-of-domain (OOD). We assume that only ID sentences are available as training data because collecting enough…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Seonghan Ryu , Seokhwan Kim , Junhwi Choi , Hwanjo Yu , Gary Geunbae Lee

The task of identifying out-of-domain (OOD) input examples directly at test-time has seen renewed interest recently due to increased real world deployment of models. In this work, we focus on OOD detection for natural language sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Varun Gangal , Abhinav Arora , Arash Einolghozati , Sonal Gupta

In domain classification for spoken dialog systems, correct detection of out-of-domain (OOD) utterances is crucial because it reduces confusion and unnecessary interaction costs between users and the systems. Previous work usually utilizes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Joo-Kyung Kim , Young-Bum Kim

Conversational agents are usually designed for closed-world environments. Unfortunately, users can behave unexpectedly. Based on the open-world environment, we often encounter the situation that the training and test data are sampled from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Petr Lorenc , Tommaso Gargiani , Jan Pichl , Jakub Konrád , Petr Marek , Ondřej Kobza , Jan Šedivý

For most intelligent assistant systems, it is essential to have a mechanism that detects out-of-domain (OOD) utterances automatically to handle noisy input properly. One typical approach would be introducing a separate class that contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Yueqi Feng , Jiali Lin

While pre-trained large-scale deep models have garnered attention as an important topic for many downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such models often make unreliable predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. As such,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Dhanasekar Sundararaman , Nikhil Mehta , Lawrence Carin

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection capabilities by aligning visual and textual representations. Recent CLIP-based test-time adaptation methods further improve detection performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jinlun Ye , Jiang Liao , Runhe Lai , Xinhua Lu , Jiaxin Zhuang , Zhiyong Gan , Ruixuan Wang

Detecting an Out-of-Domain (OOD) utterance is crucial for a robust dialog system. Most dialog systems are trained on a pool of annotated OOD data to achieve this goal. However, collecting the annotated OOD data for a given domain is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Petr Marek , Vishal Ishwar Naik , Vincent Auvray , Anuj Goyal

The ability to detect Out-of-Domain (OOD) inputs has been a critical requirement in many real-world NLP applications. For example, intent classification in dialogue systems. The reason is that the inclusion of unsupported OOD inputs may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Iftitahu Ni'mah , Meng Fang , Vlado Menkovski , Mykola Pechenizkiy

We have noticed that Marek et al. (2021) try to re-implement our paper Zheng et al. (2020a) in their work "OodGAN: Generative Adversarial Network for Out-of-Domain Data Generation". Our paper proposes a model to generate pseudo OOD samples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yinhe Zheng , Guanyi Chen

We propose a novel inference-time out-of-domain (OOD) detection algorithm for specialized large language models (LLMs). Despite achieving state-of-the-art performance on in-domain tasks through fine-tuning, specialized LLMs remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ayush Gupta , Ramneet Kaur , Anirban Roy , Adam D. Cobb , Rama Chellappa , Susmit Jha
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