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Current large language models (LLMs) are constrained by human-derived training data and limited by a single level of abstraction that impedes definitive truth judgments. This paper introduces a novel framework in which AI models…

The increasing deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical settings challenges foundational assumptions underlying traditional frameworks of medical evidence. Classical statistical approaches, centered on randomized controlled…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-07 Richik Chakraborty

Current artificial intelligence systems exhibit strong performance on narrow tasks, while existing evaluation frameworks provide limited insight into generality across domains. We introduce the Artificial General Intelligence Testbed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Matej Šprogar

During the evolution of large models, performance evaluation is necessarily performed to assess their capabilities and ensure safety before practical application. However, current model evaluations mainly rely on specific tasks and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Youzhi Qu , Chen Wei , Penghui Du , Wenxin Che , Chi Zhang , Wanli Ouyang , Yatao Bian , Feiyang Xu , Bin Hu , Kai Du , Haiyan Wu , Jia Liu , Quanying Liu

By and large, the professional handling of huge data collections is regarded as a fundamental ingredient of the progress of machine learning and of its spectacular results in related disciplines, with a growing agreement on risks connected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has positioned data governance as a critical concern for responsible AI development. While frameworks exist for conventional AI systems, the potential emergence of Artificial General…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Masayuki Hatta

Learning on big data brings success for artificial intelligence (AI), but the annotation and training costs are expensive. In future, learning on small data that approximates the generalization ability of big data is one of the ultimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Xiaofeng Cao , Weixin Bu , Shengjun Huang , Minling Zhang , Ivor W. Tsang , Yew Soon Ong , James T. Kwok

There is a substantial and ever-growing corpus of evidence and literature exploring the impacts of Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on society, politics, and humanity as a whole. A separate, parallel body of work has explored…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Benjamin S. Bucknall , Shiri Dori-Hacohen

Artificial intelligence's (AI) progress holds great promise in tackling pressing societal concerns such as health and climate. Large Language Models (LLM) and the derived chatbots, like ChatGPT, have highly improved the natural language…

This paper introduces a new metamodel-based knowledge representation that significantly improves autonomous learning and adaptation. While interest in hybrid machine learning / symbolic AI systems leveraging, for example, reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Hugo Latapie , Ozkan Kilic , Gaowen Liu , Yan Yan , Ramana Kompella , Pei Wang , Kristinn R. Thorisson , Adam Lawrence , Yuhong Sun , Jayanth Srinivasa

Introduction: In contrast to current AI technology, natural intelligence -- the kind of autonomous intelligence that is realized in the brains of animals and humans to attain in their natural environment goals defined by a repertoire of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Christoph von der Malsburg , Thilo Stadelmann , Benjamin F. Grewe

The traditional notion of generalization---i.e., learning a hypothesis whose empirical error is close to its true error---is surprisingly brittle. As has recently been noted in [DFH+15b], even if several algorithms have this guarantee in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-03 Rachel Cummings , Katrina Ligett , Kobbi Nissim , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Supervised learning, characterized by both discriminative and generative learning, seeks to predict the values of single (or sometimes multiple) predefined target attributes based on a predefined set of predictor attributes. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Yuan Jin , Wray Buntine , Francois Petitjean , Geoffrey I. Webb

Existing generalization theories of supervised learning typically take a holistic approach and provide bounds for the expected generalization over the whole data distribution, which implicitly assumes that the model generalizes similarly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Firas Laakom , Yuheng Bu , Moncef Gabbouj

Despite widespread discussion of AGI, there is no clear framework for measuring progress toward it. This ambiguity fuels subjective claims, makes it difficult to track progress, and risks hindering responsible governance. As a starting…

Modern applications of AI involve training and deploying machine learning models across heterogeneous and potentially massive environments. Emerging diversity of data not only brings about new possibilities to advance AI systems, but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Krikamol Muandet

Consciousness has been hypothesized to operate as a global workspace, which accesses and integrates multimodal information in a unified manner, supports expectation violation monitoring and reduction, and the motivation, programming and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-26 D. Rudrauf , G. Sergeant-Perthuis , O. Belli , Y. Tisserand , G. Di Marzo Serugendo

This paper leverages various philosophical and ontological frameworks to explore the concept of embodied artificial general intelligence (AGI), its relationship to human consciousness, and the key role of the metaverse in facilitating this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Martin Schmalzried

To cope with real-world dynamics, an intelligent system needs to incrementally acquire, update, accumulate, and exploit knowledge throughout its lifetime. This ability, known as continual learning, provides a foundation for AI systems to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu