Related papers: Almost all orbits of the Collatz map attain almost…

We characterize all pairs of completely multiplicative functions $f,g:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{T}$ such that the orbit closure \[\overline{\{(f(n),g(n+1))\}_{n\ge 1}} \neq \mathbb{T}\times \mathbb{T}.\] In so doing, we settle an old conjecture…

The 3x+1 Conjecture asserts that the T-orbit of every positive integer contains 1, where T maps x\mapsto x/2 for x even and x\mapsto (3x+1)/2 for x odd. A set S of positive integers is sufficient if the orbit of each positive integer…

For each $d \in {1,2,3,7,11}$, let $T_d$ be the nearest-integer complex continued fraction map associated with the Euclidean ring $\mathcal{O}*d$, and let $(a_n)$ be its digit sequence. We prove two metric results for this five-system…

It is believed that, in the limit as the conductor tends to infinity, correlations between the zeros of elliptic curve $L$-functions averaged within families follow the distribution laws of the eigenvalues of random matrices drawn from the…

The Collatz problem with $3x+k$ is revisited. Positive and negative limit cycles are given up to k=9997 starting with $x_0=-2\cdot10^7...+2\cdot10^7$. A simple relation between the probability distribution for the Syracuse iterates for…

A vertex set $S$ of a graph $G$ is a \emph{dominating set} if each vertex of $G$ either belongs to $S$ or is adjacent to a vertex in $S$. The \emph{domination number} $\gamma(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of $S$ as $S$ varies over…

The $3x+1$ problem, also called the Collatz conjecture, is a very interesting unsolved mathematical problem related to computer science. This paper generalized this problem by relaxing the constraints, i.e., generalizing this deterministic…

We study an analogue of the Collatz map in the polynomial ring $R[x]$, where $R$ is an arbitrary commutative ring. We prove that if $R$ is of positive characteristic, then every polynomial in $R[x]$ is eventually periodic with respect to…

We introduce a full binary directed tree structure to represent the set of natural numbers, further categorizing them into three distinct subsets: pure odd numbers, pure even numbers, and mixed numbers. We adopt a binary string…

Assume that $X$ is a Banach space of measurable functions for which Koml\'os' Theorem holds. We associate to any closed convex bounded subset $C$ of $X$ a coefficient $t(C)$ which attains its minimum value when $C$ is closed for the…

We describe a new algorithm for verifying the Collatz conjecture for all n < 2^N for some fixed N. The algorithm takes less than twice as long to verify convergence for all n < 2^{N+1} as it does to verify convergence for all n < 2^N. We…

We investigate the small regularization limit of entropic optimal transport when the cost function is the Euclidean distance in dimensions $d > 1$, and the marginal measures are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure.…

This paper explores the problem of analytically approximating the orbital state for a subset of orbits in a rotating potential with oblateness and ellipticity perturbations. This is done by isolating approximate differential equations for…

The Frankl conjecture, also known as the union-closed sets conjecture, states that in any finite non-empty union-closed family, there exists an element in at least half of the sets. From an optimization point of view, one could instead…

Rademacher's Theorem can be interpreted as an almost-everywhere \emph{little-$o$ improvement principle}: if a function admits a uniform pointwise first-order Lipschitz control at every point, then this control improves to a vanishing one at…

For a field $\mathbb{F}$ and integers $d$ and $k$, a set ${\cal A} \subseteq \mathbb{F}^d$ is called $k$-nearly orthogonal if its members are non-self-orthogonal and every $k+1$ vectors of ${\cal A}$ include an orthogonal pair. We prove…

Let $-1<\lambda<1$ and $f:[0,1)\to\mathbb{R}$ be a piecewise $\lambda$-affine map, that is, there exist points $0=c_0<c_1<\cdots <c_{n-1}<c_n=1$ and real numbers $b_1,\ldots,b_n$ such that $f(x)=\lambda x+b_i$ for every $x\in…

Let $n\geq 3$ and let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a $\mathcal{C}^1$ bounded domain which is diffeomorphic to a ball. We investigate here the problem of finding critical points of the $n$-energy in the space $\mathcal{I}=\{v\in…

For each $n, d \in \mathbb{N}$ and $0 < \alpha < 1$, we define a random subset of $\mathcal{A}^{\{1, 2, \dots, n\}^d}$ by independently including each element with probability $\alpha$ and excluding it with probability $1-\alpha$, and…

Due to the distribution of primes among integers, we establish an upper bound for the probability $\mathbb{P}_n$ that the Goldbach conjecture fails. Assuming the conjecture holds true for all even number less than $2N$, we prove this…