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Variational quantum algorithms are believed to be promising for solving computationally hard problems and are often comprised of repeated layers of quantum gates. An example thereof is the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA),…

The Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) is a widely studied quantum-classical iterative heuristic for combinatorial optimisation. While QAOA targets problems in complexity class NP, the classical optimisation procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Tom Krüger , Wolfgang Mauerer

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising candidate algorithm for demonstrating quantum advantage in optimization using near-term quantum computers. However, QAOA has high requirements on gate fidelity due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Xiaoyuan Liu , Ruslan Shaydulin , Ilya Safro

Combinatorial optimization is a promising area for achieving quantum speedup. Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is designed to search for low-energy states of the Ising model, which correspond to near-optimal solutions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is among leading candidates for achieving quantum advantage on near-term processors. While typically implemented with a transverse-field mixer (XM-QAOA), the Grover-mixer variant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Elizaveta V. Krendeleva , Aleksey K. Fedorov

A promising approach to the practical application of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is finding QAOA parameters classically in simulation and sampling the solutions from QAOA with optimized parameters on a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Ruslan Shaydulin , Stefan M. Wild

We propose a machine learning based approach to accelerate quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) implementation which is a promising quantum-classical hybrid algorithm to prove the so-called quantum supremacy. In QAOA, a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) represents a branch of quantum algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems. A specific variant, the Grover-Mixer Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (GM-QAOA), ensures uniform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Ningyi Xie , Jiahua Xu , Tiejin Chen , Xinwei Lee , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai , Dongsheng Cai

The quantum-classical hybrid algorithm is an algorithm that holds promise in demonstrating the quantum advantage in NISQ devices. When running such algorithms, effects from quantum noise are inevitable. In our work, we consider a well-known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-10 Cheng Xue , Zhao-Yun Chen , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Recently, Hadfield et al. proposed the quantum alternating operator ansatz algorithm (QAOA+), an extension of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), to solve constrained combinatorial optimization problems (CCOPs). Compared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Xiao-Hui Ni , Yu-Sen Wu , Bin-Bin Cai , Wen-Min Li , Su-Juan Qin , Fei Gao

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate algorithm for solving optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the potential of QAOA to tackle classically intractable problems remains unclear. Here,…

As power systems expand, solving the Unit Commitment Problem (UCP) becomes increasingly challenging due to the dimensional catastrophe, and traditional methods often struggle to balance computational efficiency and solution quality. To…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-27 Jingxian Zhou , Ziqing Zhu , Linghua Zhu , Siqi Bu

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) uses a quantum computer to implement a variational method with $2p$ layers of alternating unitary operators, optimized by a classical computer to minimize a cost function. While rigorous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Raimel A. Medina , Maksym Serbyn

Variational quantum algorithms such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are particularly attractive candidates for implementation on near-term quantum processors. As hardware realities such as error and qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 L. C. G. Govia , C. Poole , M. Saffman , H. K. Krovi

Quantum Approximate Optimization algorithm (QAOA) aims to search for approximate solutions to discrete optimization problems with near-term quantum computers. As there are no algorithmic guarantee possible for QAOA to outperform classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-25 Bingzhi Zhang , Akira Sone , Quntao Zhuang

A combinatorial optimization problem becomes very difficult in situations where the energy landscape is rugged, and the global minimum locates in a narrow region of the configuration space. When using the quantum approximate optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Zhen-Duo Wang , Pei-Lin Zheng , Biao Wu , Yi Zhang

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) and its predecessor, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm, are one of the most widely used quantum algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, as there is yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-15 Lennart Binkowski , Gereon Koßmann , Timo Ziegler , René Schwonnek

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems by providing quantum speedup on near-term gate-based quantum computing systems. However, QAOA faces challenges for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Seongmin Kim , Vincent R. Pascuzzi , Zhihao Xu , Tengfei Luo , Eungkyu Lee , In-Saeng Suh

Quantum optimization algorithms are inherently probabilistic, yet they are most often used to search for a single high-quality solution. In this paper, we instead study hypergraph partitioning problems in which the desired output is itself…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Cameron Ibrahim , Bao G. Bach , Jad Salem , Reuben Tate , Kien X. Nguyen , Stephan Eidenbenz , Ilya Safro

We explore the application of variational quantum algorithms to the NP-hard set balancing problem, a critical challenge in clinical trial design and experimental scheduling. The problem is mapped to an Ising model, with tailored Quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Nikhil Kowshik , Sayan Manna , Sudebkumar Prasant Pal
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