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The reachability problem for Vector Addition Systems (VASs) is a central problem of net theory. The general problem is known to be decidable by algorithms exclusively based on the classical Kosaraju-Lambert-Mayr-Sacerdote-Tenney…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 leroux jerome

More than 30 years after their inception, the decidability proofs for reachability in vector addition systems (VAS) still retain much of their mystery. These proofs rely crucially on a decomposition of runs successively refined by Mayr,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Jérôme Leroux , Sylvain Schmitz

We consider the model of one-dimensional Pushdown Vector Addition Systems (1-PVAS), a fundamental computational model simulating both recursive and concurrent behaviours. Our main result is decidability of the reachability problem for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Clotilde Bizière , Wojciech Czerwiński

We consider the problems of language inclusion and language equivalence for Vector Addition Systems with States (VASS) with the acceptance condition defined by the set of accepting states (and more generally by some upward-closed…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Wojciech Czerwiński , Piotr Hofman

The reachability problem for vector addition systems is a central problem of net theory. This problem is known to be decidable but the complexity is still unknown. Whereas the problem is EXPSPACE-hard, no elementary upper bounds complexity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Jérôme Leroux

The reachability problem in 3-dimensional vector addition systems with states (3-VASS) is known to be PSpace-hard, and to belong to Tower. We significantly narrow down the complexity gap by proving the problem to be solvable in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Wojciech Czerwiński , Ismaël Jecker , Sławomir Lasota , Łukasz Orlikowski

Despite recent progress which settled the complexity of the reachability problem for Vector Addition Systems with States (VASSes) as being Ackermann-complete we still lack much understanding for that problem. A striking example is the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Wojciech Czerwiński , Adam Jędrych

We consider a variant of VASS extended with integer counters, denoted VASS+Z. These are automata equipped with N and Z counters; the N-counters are required to remain nonnegative and the Z-counters do not have this restriction. We study the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Clotilde Bizière , Wojciech Czerwiński , Roland Guttenberg , Jérôme Leroux , Vincent Michielini , Łukasz Orlikowski , Antoni Puch , Henry Sinclair-Banks

Reachability problems in infinite-state systems are often subject to extremely high complexity. This motivates the investigation of efficient overapproximations, where we add transitions to obtain a system in which reachability can be…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Moses Ganardi , Rupak Majumdar , Georg Zetzsche

Branching VASS (BVASS) generalise vector addition systems with states by allowing for special branching transitions that can non-deterministically distribute a counter value between two control states. A run of a BVASS consequently becomes…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Stefan Göller , Christoph Haase , Ranko Lazić , Patrick Totzke

An $\mathsf{F}_{d}$ upper bound for the reachability problem in vector addition systems with states (VASS) in fixed dimension is given, where $\mathsf{F}_d$ is the $d$-th level of the Grzegorczyk hierarchy of complexity classes. The new…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yuxi Fu , Qizhe Yang , Yangluo Zheng

We study the geometry of reachability sets of continuous vector addition systems with states (VASS). In particular we establish that they are almost Minkowski sums of convex cones and zonotopes generated by the vectors labelling the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Shaull Almagor , Arka Ghosh , Tim Leys , Guillermo A. Perez

We consider a variant of reachability in Vector Addition Systems (VAS) dubbed \emph{box reachability}, whereby a vector $v\in \mathbb{N}^d$ is box-reachable from $0$ in a VAS $V$ if $V$ admits a path from $0$ to $v$ that not only stays in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Shaull Almagor , Itay Hasson , Michał Pilipczuk , Michael Zaslavski

In this paper we consider the reachability problem for bounded branching VASS. Bounded VASS are a variant of the classic VASS model where all values in all configurations are upper bounded by a fixed natural number, encoded in binary in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Filip Mazowiecki , Michał Pilipczuk

Vector Addition Systems (VAS), aka Petri nets, are a popular model of concurrency. The reachability set of a VAS is the set of configurations reachable from the initial configuration. Leroux has studied the geometric properties of VAS…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Roland Guttenberg , Mikhail Raskin , Javier Esparza

This note is a product of digestion of the famous proof of decidability of the reachability problem for vector addition systems with states (VASS), as first established by Mayr in 1981 and then simplified by Kosaraju in 1982. The note is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Sławomir Lasota

In many kinds of infinite-state systems, the coverability problem has significantly lower complexity than the reachability problem. In order to delineate the border of computational hardness between coverability and reachability, we propose…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yousef Shakiba , Henry Sinclair-Banks , Georg Zetzsche

A vector addition system with states (VASS) consists of a finite set of states and counters. A configuration is a state and a value for each counter; a transition changes the state and each counter is incremented, decremented, or left…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Jan Otop

The reachability problem for vector addition systems with states (VASS) has been shown to be \textsc{Ackermann}-complete. For every $k\geq 3$, a completeness result for the $k$-dimensional VASS reachability problem is not yet available. It…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Qizhe Yang , Yuxi Fu

We study a class of reachability problems in weighted graphs with constraints on the accumulated weight of paths. The problems we study can equivalently be formulated in the model of vector addition systems with states (VASS). We consider a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Shaull Almagor , Nathann Cohen , Guillermo A. Pérez , Mahsa Shirmohammadi , James Worrell