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Large language models (LLMs) do not preserve privacy at inference-time. The LLM's outputs can inadvertently reveal information about the model's context, which presents a privacy challenge when the LLM is augmented via tools or databases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Rushil Thareja , Preslav Nakov , Praneeth Vepakomma , Nils Lukas

A critical concern in data-driven decision making is to build models whose outcomes do not discriminate against some demographic groups, including gender, ethnicity, or age. To ensure non-discrimination in learning tasks, knowledge of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Cuong Tran , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Ensuring the privacy of users whose data are used to train Natural Language Processing (NLP) models is necessary to build and maintain customer trust. Differential Privacy (DP) has emerged as the most successful method to protect the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Ricardo Silva Carvalho , Theodore Vasiloudis , Oluwaseyi Feyisetan

We present PrivInfer, an expressive framework for writing and verifying differentially private Bayesian machine learning algorithms. Programs in PrivInfer are written in a rich functional probabilistic programming language with constructs…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-time machine learning applications, where safeguarding user privacy is paramount. Traditional differential privacy mechanisms often struggle to balance privacy and accuracy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jessica Smith , David Williams , Emily Brown

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted to proprietary and domain-specific corpora that contain sensitive information, creating a tension between formal privacy guarantees and efficient deployment through model compression.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Fatemeh Khadem , Sajad Mousavi , Yi Fang , Yuhong Liu

This paper presents LDP-Fed, a novel federated learning system with a formal privacy guarantee using local differential privacy (LDP). Existing LDP protocols are developed primarily to ensure data privacy in the collection of single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Stacey Truex , Ling Liu , Ka-Ho Chow , Mehmet Emre Gursoy , Wenqi Wei

Many machine learning applications are based on data collected from people, such as their tastes and behaviour as well as biological traits and genetic data. Regardless of how important the application might be, one has to make sure…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-11 Joonas Jälkö , Onur Dikmen , Antti Honkela

Differential privacy is a promising privacy-preserving paradigm for statistical query processing over sensitive data. It works by injecting random noise into each query result, such that it is provably hard for the adversary to infer the…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-02-27 Ganzhao Yuan , Zhenjie Zhang , Marianne Winslett , Xiaokui Xiao , Yin Yang , Zhifeng Hao

Alignment is a key step in developing Large Language Models (LLMs) using human feedback to ensure adherence to human values and societal norms. Dependence on human feedback raises privacy concerns about how much a labeler's preferences may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Noel Teku , Fengwei Tian , Payel Bhattacharjee , Souradip Chakraborty , Amrit Singh Bedi , Ravi Tandon

Differential privacy is an information theoretic constraint on algorithms and code. It provides quantification of privacy leakage and formal privacy guarantees that are currently considered the gold standard in privacy protections. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Daniel Kifer , Solomon Messing , Aaron Roth , Abhradeep Thakurta , Danfeng Zhang

Differentially private learning on real-world data poses challenges for standard machine learning practice: privacy guarantees are difficult to interpret, hyperparameter tuning on private data reduces the privacy budget, and ad-hoc privacy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-10 Koen Lennart van der Veen , Ruben Seggers , Peter Bloem , Giorgio Patrini

This study addresses the issues of privacy protection and efficiency in instruction fine-tuning of large-scale language models by proposing a parameter-efficient method that integrates differential privacy noise allocation with gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yulin Huang , Yaxuan Luan , Jinxu Guo , Xiangchen Song , Yuchen Liu

Differential privacy (DP) is a formal privacy framework that enables training machine learning (ML) models while protecting individuals' data. As pointed out by prior work, ML models are part of larger systems, which can lead to so-called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Marlon Tobaben , Talal Alrawajfeh , Marcus Klasson , Mikko Heikkilä , Arno Solin , Antti Honkela

High quality data is needed to unlock the full potential of AI for end users. However finding new sources of such data is getting harder: most publicly-available human generated data will soon have been used. Additionally, publicly…

Positioned between pre-training and user deployment, aligning large language models (LLMs) through reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a prevailing strategy for training instruction following-models such as ChatGPT. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Fan Wu , Huseyin A. Inan , Arturs Backurs , Varun Chandrasekaran , Janardhan Kulkarni , Robert Sim

Large language models (LLMs) have presented outstanding performance in code generation and completion. However, fine-tuning these models on private datasets can raise privacy and proprietary concerns, such as the leakage of sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zheng Liu , Chen Gong , Terry Yue Zhuo , Kecen Li , Weichen Yu , Matt Fredrikson , Tianhao Wang

This work considers computationally efficient privacy-preserving data release. We study the task of analyzing a database containing sensitive information about individual participants. Given a set of statistical queries on the data, we want…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-07-14 Moritz Hardt , Guy N. Rothblum , Rocco A. Servedio

This position paper investigates the integration of Differential Privacy (DP) in the training of Mixture of Experts (MoE) models within the field of natural language processing. As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to billions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Pierre Tholoniat , Huseyin A. Inan , Janardhan Kulkarni , Robert Sim

Motivated by the increasing deployment of reinforcement learning in the real world, involving a large consumption of personal data, we introduce a differentially private (DP) policy gradient algorithm. We show that, in this setting, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alexandre Rio , Merwan Barlier , Igor Colin