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Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

The benefit of locality is one of the major premises of LIME, one of the most prominent methods to explain black-box machine learning models. This emphasis relies on the postulate that the more locally we look at the vicinity of an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Romaric Gaudel , Luis Galárraga , Julien Delaunay , Laurence Rozé , Vaishnavi Bhargava

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has gained importance in interpreting model predictions. Among leading techniques for XAI, Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) is most frequently utilized as it notably helps…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jeongmin Rhee , Changhee Lee , DongHwa Shin , Bohyoung Kim

Interpretability is essential for user trust in real-world anomaly detection applications. However, deep learning models, despite their strong performance, often lack transparency. In this work, we study the interpretability of…

Explainability algorithms such as LIME have enabled machine learning systems to adopt transparency and fairness, which are important qualities in commercial use cases. However, recent work has shown that LIME's naive sampling strategy can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Sean Saito , Eugene Chua , Nicholas Capel , Rocco Hu

Supervised Machine Learning (SML) algorithms such as Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Neural Networks have become popular in recent years due to their increased predictive performance over traditional statistical methods. This is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-05 Linwei Hu , Jie Chen , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is an emerging new domain in which a set of processes and tools allow humans to better comprehend the decisions generated by black box models. However, most of the available XAI tools are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Zoumpolia Dikopoulou , Serafeim Moustakidis , Patrik Karlsson

Machine learning models are increasingly used in critical applications but are mostly "black boxes" due to their lack of transparency. Local explanation approaches, such as LIME, address this issue by approximating the behavior of complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Krishna Khadka , Sunny Shree , Pujan Budhathoki , Yu Lei , Raghu Kacker , D. Richard Kuhn

Despite recent advancements in Instruct-based Image Editing models for generating high-quality images, they are known as black boxes and a significant barrier to transparency and user trust. To solve this issue, we introduce SMILE…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zeinab Dehghani , Koorosh Aslansefat , Adil Khan , Adín Ramírez Rivera , Franky George , Muhammad Khalid

We introduce a new model-agnostic explanation technique which explains the prediction of any classifier called CLE. CLE gives an faithful and interpretable explanation to the prediction, by approximating the model locally using an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Zijian Zhang , Fan Yang , Haofan Wang , Xia Hu

The growing reliance on deep learning models in safety-critical domains such as healthcare and autonomous navigation underscores the need for defenses that are both robust to adversarial perturbations and transparent in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Longwei Wang , Mohammad Navid Nayyem , Abdullah Al Rakin , KC Santosh , Chaowei Zhang , Yang Zhou

In the context of human-in-the-loop Machine Learning applications, like Decision Support Systems, interpretability approaches should provide actionable insights without making the users wait. In this paper, we propose Accelerated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 David Dandolo , Chiara Masiero , Mattia Carletti , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Deep reinforcement learning has been extensively studied in decision-making processes and has demonstrated superior performance over conventional approaches in various fields, including radar resource management (RRM). However, a notable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ziyang Lu , M. Cenk Gursoy , Chilukuri K. Mohan , Pramod K. Varshney

The ability for a human to understand an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model's decision-making process is critical in enabling stakeholders to visualize model behavior, perform model debugging, promote trust in AI models, and assist in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Yiwei Lyu , Paul Pu Liang , Zihao Deng , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

Despite the wide use of explainability techniques to attempt to understand the behavior of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the generated explanations may not always be reliable. An explanation can appear plausible to humans but fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tomás Pereira , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Explainable artificial intelligence is proposed to provide explanations for reasoning performed by an Artificial Intelligence. There is no consensus on how to evaluate the quality of these explanations, since even the definition of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Iván Sevillano-García , Julián Luengo-Martín , Francisco Herrera

The performance of modern algorithms on certain computer vision tasks such as object recognition is now close to that of humans. This success was achieved at the price of complicated architectures depending on millions of parameters and it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Damien Garreau , Dina Mardaoui

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a tremendous impact on the unexpected growth of technology in almost every aspect. AI-powered systems are monitoring and deciding about sensitive economic and societal issues. The future is towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

The need for reliable model explanations is prominent for many machine learning applications, particularly for tabular and time-series data as their use cases often involve high-stakes decision making. Towards this goal, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Aya Abdelsalam Ismail , Sercan Ö. Arik , Jinsung Yoon , Ankur Taly , Soheil Feizi , Tomas Pfister