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We collect here various conjectures on congruences made by the author in a series of papers, some of which involve binary quadratic forms and other advanced theories. Part A consists of 100 unsolved conjectures of the author while…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Zhi-Wei Sun

We describe how cosmology has converged towards a beautiful model of the Universe: the Big Bang Universe. We praise this model, but show there is a dark side to it. This dark side is usually called ``the cosmological problems'': a set of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Joao Magueijo , Kim Baskerville

In this paper some new ways of generalizing perfect numbers are investigated, numerical results are presented and some conjectures are established.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-08-03 Antal Bege , Kinga Fogarasi

One presents many Concatenated and Operation Sequences, P-Q Relationships, Digital Sequences, Magic Squares, Prime Conjectures, k-Divisibility and Strong Divisibility Sequences, Geometric Conjectures, Proposed problems.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florentin Smarandache

Our aim is to solve a quite old question on the difference between expandability and compact expandability. Toward this, we further investigate the logic of countable cofinality.

Logic · Mathematics 2019-09-18 Enrique Casanovas , Saharon Shelah

In this paper, we pose many challenging conjectures on congruences involving binomial coefficients and Ap\'ery-like numbers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Zhi-Hong Sun

We provide here a dataset for tasks related to natural language understanding and natural language inference. The dataset contains logical puzzles in natural language from three domains: comparing puzzles, knighs and knaves, and zebra…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Roxana Szomiu , Adrian Groza

Some partial orderings which compare probability distributions with the expo- nential distribution, are found to be very useful to understand the phenomenon of ageing. Here, we introduce some new generalized partial orderings which de-…

Applications · Statistics 2014-10-09 Asok K. Nanda , Nil Kamal Hazra , D. K. Al-Mutairi , M. E. Ghitany

Several open problems in algebraic logic are solved.

Logic · Mathematics 2013-04-05 Tarek Sayed Ahmed

Distributed knowledge is one of the better known group knowledge modalities. While its intuitive idea is relatively clear, there is ample room for interpretation of details. We investigate 12 definitions of distributed knowledge that differ…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Rustam Galimullin , Louwe B. Kuijer

We study the famous mathematical puzzle of prisoners and hats. We introduce a framework in which various variants of the problem can be formalized. We examine three particular versions of the problem (each one in fact a class of problems)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-08 Petr Glivický

I present and discuss a puzzle about wizards invented by John H. Conway.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2012-10-22 Tanya Khovanova

We consider two simple variants of a framework for reasoning about knowledge amongst communicating groups of players. Our goal is to clarify the resulting epistemic issues. In particular, we investigate what is the impact of common…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-07-03 Krzysztof R. Apt , Andreas Witzel , Jonathan A. Zvesper

In this paper, we delve into the study of epistemic logics, interpreted through similarity models based on weighted graphs. We explore eight languages that extend the traditional epistemic language by incorporating modalities of common,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Xiaolong Liang , Yì N. Wáng

The Rubik's cube is a famous puzzle in which faces can be moved and the corresponding movement operations define a group. We consider here a generalization to any $3$-valent map. We prove an upper bound on the size of the corresponding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-02 Mathieu Dutour Sikirić

Coordinating activities at different sites of a multi-agent system typically imposes epistemic constraints on the participants. Specifying explicit bounds on the relative times at which actions are performed induces combined temporal and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Yannai A. Gonczarowski , Yoram Moses

The classical quadratic formula and some of its lesser known variants for solving the quadratic equation are reviewed. Then, a new formula for the roots of a quadratic polynomial is presented.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-08-06 Norbert Hungerbühler

This is an expository article on the Poisson binomial distribution. We review lesser known results and recent progress on this topic, including geometry of polynomials and distribution learning. We also provide examples to illustrate the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-28 Wenpin Tang , Fengmin Tang

In this paper 101 new integer sequences, sub-sequences, and sequences of sequences, together with related unsolved problems and conjectures, are presented. Also, definitions, examples, solved or open questions, and references for each…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florentin Smarandache

We present a spoken conversational question answering proof of concept that is able to answer questions about general knowledge from Wikidata. The dialogue component does not only orchestrate various components but also solve coreferences…