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Deep neural networks have enabled researchers to create powerful generalized frameworks, such as transformers, that can be used to solve well-studied problems in various application domains, such as text and image. However, such generalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Rudrajit Dawn , Madhusudan Ghosh , Partha Basuchowdhuri , Sudip Kumar Naskar

A classic graph coloring problem is to assign colors to vertices of any graph so that distinct colors are assigned to adjacent vertices. Optimal graph coloring colors a graph with a minimum number of colors, which is its chromatic number.…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Flávio José Mendes Coelho

In a variety of problems originating in supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, the loss function is defined by an expectation over a collection of random variables, which might be part of a probabilistic model or the external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-06 John Schulman , Nicolas Heess , Theophane Weber , Pieter Abbeel

In the Coloured Clustering problem, we wish to colour vertices of an edge coloured graph to produce as many stable edges as possible, i.e., edges with the same colour as their ends. In this paper, we reveal that the problem is in fact a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Leizhen CAI , On Yin LEUNG

A $k$-coloring of a graph is an assignment of integers between $1$ and $k$ to vertices in the graph such that the endpoints of each edge receive different numbers. We study a local variation of the coloring problem, which imposes further…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-24 Jie You , Yixin Cao , Jianxin Wang

This paper describes several new problems and ideas concerning algebraic geometry and complexity theory. It first uses the idea of coloring graphs with elements of finite fields. This procedure then shows that graph coloring problems can be…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Paul Hriljac

The graph coloring problem (GCP) is a classic combinatorial optimization problem that aims to find the minimum number of colors assigned to vertices of a graph such that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. GCP has been…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Enqiang Zhu , Yu Zhang , Haopeng Sun , Ziqi Wei , Witold Pedrycz , Chanjuan Liu , Jin Xu

We provide a "how-to" guide to the use and application of the Discharging Method. Our aim is not to exhaustively survey results proved by this technique, but rather to demystify the technique and facilitate its wider use, using applications…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-15 Daniel W. Cranston , Douglas B. West

Color-constrained subgraph problems are those where we are given an edge-colored (directed or undirected) graph and the task is to find a specific type of subgraph, like a spanning tree, an arborescence, a single-source shortest path tree,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-24 P. S. Ardra , Jasine Babu , Kritika Kashyap , R. Krithika , Sreejith K. Pallathumadam , Deepak Rajendraprasad

This paper studies graph-based active learning, where the goal is to reconstruct a binary signal defined on the nodes of a weighted graph, by sampling it on a small subset of the nodes. A new sampling algorithm is proposed, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-19 Eyal En Gad , Akshay Gadde , A. Salman Avestimehr , Antonio Ortega

We introduce a quantum-inspired algorithm for graph coloring problems (GCPs) that utilizes qudits in a product state, with each qudit representing a node in the graph and parameterized by d-dimensional spherical coordinates. We propose and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 David Jansen , Timothy Heightman , Luke Mortimer , Ignacio Perito , Antonio Acín

Vizing's theorem states that any graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be properly edge colored with at most $\Delta+1$ colors. In the online setting, it has been a matter of interest to find an algorithm that can properly edge color any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Aditi Dudeja , Rashmika Goswami , Michael Saks

Graph colorings are becoming an increasingly useful family of mathematical models for a broad range of applications, such as time tabling and scheduling, frequency assignment, register allocation, computer security and so on. Graph proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-06 Bing Yao , Ming Yao , Xiang-en Chen

Most existing graph-based semi-supervised hyperspectral image classification methods rely on superpixel partitioning techniques. However, they suffer from misclassification of certain pixels due to inaccuracies in superpixel boundaries,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yuqing Zhang , Qi Han , Ligeng Wang , Kai Cheng , Bo Wang , Kun Zhan

Causal structure learning has been a challenging task in the past decades and several mainstream approaches such as constraint- and score-based methods have been studied with theoretical guarantees. Recently, a new approach has transformed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ignavier Ng , Shengyu Zhu , Zhitang Chen , Zhuangyan Fang

We introduce a variant of the vertex-distinguishing edge coloring problem, where each edge is assigned a subset of colors. The label of a vertex is the union of the sets of colors on edges incident to it. In this paper we investigate the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Nicolas Bousquet , Antoine Dailly , Eric Duchene , Hamamache Kheddouci , Aline Parreau

Despite the recent advances of graph neural networks (GNNs) in modeling graph data, the training of GNNs on large datasets is notoriously hard due to the overfitting. Adversarial training, which augments data with the worst-case adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Haotian Xue , Kaixiong Zhou , Tianlong Chen , Kai Guo , Xia Hu , Yi Chang , Xin Wang

Graph coarsening is a technique for solving large-scale graph problems by working on a smaller version of the original graph, and possibly interpolating the results back to the original graph. It has a long history in scientific computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yifan Chen , Rentian Yao , Yun Yang , Jie Chen

Graph coloring has been broadly used to discover concurrency in parallel computing. To speedup graph coloring for large-scale datasets, parallel algorithms have been proposed to leverage modern GPUs. Existing GPU implementations either have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Xuhao Chen , Pingfan Li , Jianbin Fang , Tao Tang , Zhiying Wang , Canqun Yang

In this paper we consider the following three coloring concepts for digraphs. First of all, the generalized coloring concept, in which the same colored vertices of a digraph induce a subdigraph that satisfies a given digraph property.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Lucas Picasarri-Arrieta , Michael Stiebitz