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Many natural systems undergo critical transitions, i.e. sudden shifts from one dynamical regime to another. In the climate system, the atmospheric boundary layer can experience sudden transitions between fully turbulent states and…
We analyze the occurrence and the values of record-breaking temperatures in daily and monthly temperature observations. Our aim is to better understand and quantify the statistics of temperature records in the context of global warming.…
The first measurement of the temperature dependence of the muon transfer rate from muonic hydrogen to oxygen was performed by the FAMU collaboration in 2016. The results provide evidence that the transfer rate rises with the temperature in…
Underground muon events detected by the MACRO experiment at Gran Sasso have been studied for different purposes. The studies include the vertical muon intensity measurement, multiplicity distribution, lateral and angular muon distribution…
Soil assessment is important for mobile robot planning and navigation on natural and planetary environments. Terramechanic characteristics can be inferred from the thermal behaviour of soils under the influence of sunlight using remote…
Muon tomography based on the measurement of multiple scattering of atmospheric cosmic ray muons is a promising technique for detecting and imaging heavily shielded high-Z nuclear materials such as enriched uranium. This technique could…
Sources of seasonal temperature variations in the average energy of the muon flux detected in the LVD experiment have been discussed. It has been shown that variations are due to the processes of generation of muons in upper layers of the…
The muon intensity and angular distribution in the shallow-underground laboratory Felsenkeller in Dresden, Germany have been studied using a portable muon detector based on the close cathode chamber design. Data has been taken at four…
Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) have recently been the focus of several atmospheric studies due to their extreme properties. While molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) plays a key role in UHJ atmospheres, it has not been directly detected on an exoplanet.…
The rate of low energy (< 150 MeV) cosmic ray muons was measured at ground level as a function of several atmospheric parameters. Stopped muons were detected in a plastic scintillator block and correlations were determined using a linear…
In cultural heritage conservation, it is increasingly common to rely on non-destructive imaging methods based on the absorption or scattering of photons ($X$ or $\gamma$ rays) or neutrons. However, physical and practical issues limit these…
The radio frequency 1.4 GHz transition of the atomic hydrogen is one of the important tracers of the diffuse neutral interstellar medium. Radio astronomical observations of this transition, using either a single dish telescope or an array…
Imaging techniques that use atmospheric muons, collectively named under the neologism "muography", have seen a tremendous growth in recent times, mainly due to their diverse range of applications. The most well-known ones include but are…
Determining which rocky exoplanets have atmospheres, and why, is a key goal for the James Webb Space Telescope. So far, emission observations of individual rocky exoplanets orbiting M stars (M-Earths) have not provided definitive evidence…
Non-contact temperature sensors are widely used, often utilizing infrared light for temperature measurement. However, specific applications demand non-contact detection, particularly within closed containers containing fluids or gases,…
Weather regimes describe the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the mid-latitudes in terms of a few circulation states that modulate regional surface weather. Subseasonal forecasts of prevailing weather regimes have proven skillful and…
The aim of the paper is to investigate possibility of utilizing a shallow underground laboratory for the study of energy dependent solar modulation process and to find an optimum detector configuration sensitive to primaries of widest…
The atmospheric neutrino anomaly is the apparent reduction of the $\nu_{\mu}/\nu_{e}$ ratio observed in underground detectors. It represents either a reduction in the muon neutrino interaction rate or an excess of the electron neutrino…
Transit spectroscopy of terrestrial planets around nearby M dwarfs is a primary goal of space missions in coming decades. 3-D climate modeling has shown that slow-synchronous rotating terrestrial planets may develop thick clouds at the…
The intensity of TeV atmospheric muons and neutrinos depends on the temperature in the stratosphere. We show that the energy-dependence in the 100 TeV range of the correlation with temperature is sensitive to the fraction of muons and…